全球公民意識：“從我到我們實現和平”

UNITED NATIONS， Sep 10 2014 （IPS） -- If a Silicon Valley existed for the culture of peace， it would most likely look to global citizenship as the next big industry shake-up.

聯合國·2014年9月10日（IPS）—— 如果存在一個和平文化的硅谷，它最有可能仰仗全球公民意識進行行業變革。

“Global citizenship， or oneness of humanity [is] the essential element of the culture of peace，” Ambassador Anwarul Chowdhury， former Under-Secretary-General and high representative of the U.N.， told IPS on the sidelines of the General Assembly’s High-Level Forum on the Culture of Peace Tuesday.

“全球公民意識，或人類統一體，是和平文化的基本要素，”聯合國前副秘書長、聯合國和平文化高級代表安瓦魯·K·喬德哈瑞大使在周二舉行的和平文化高級別論壇的會場告訴IPS記者。

The day-long forum included panel discussions on global citizenship and the contributions of women and youth to a nonviolent world community.

Ambassador Chowdhury took the lead in putting the culture of peace on the U.N. agenda in the late 1990s. The culture of peace concept was evolving in the U.N. Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organisation （UNESCO）， but Chowdhury felt that it deserved to be discussed at an even higher level.

The U.N. needed “to shift gear” away from peacekeeping operations “to focus on individual and community transformation，” Chowdhury told IPS.

為期一天的論壇包括一系列小組討論，內容涉及全球公民意識，以及婦女和青年對構建非暴力世界所做出的貢獻。

20世紀90年代，喬德哈瑞大使在將和平文化納入聯合國議程的過程中發揮了帶頭作用。和平文化的概念在聯合國教科文組織中得以進化、發展，但他認為和平文化的問題有必要在更高級別的層面進行討論。

聯合國需要“換擋”，將注意力從維和行動中收回，“集中在個人和社區轉型的問題上”，喬德哈瑞大使這樣告訴IPS記者。

In 1999， at the urging of Chowdhury， the General Assembly （GA） passed the milestone Resolution 53/243 on the “Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace.” The resolution asserts that a culture of peace is a way of life based on non-violence， territorial integrity， human rights， the right to development， freedom of expression and the promotion of equal rights for women and men.

Article 4 of the resolution makes clear that “Education at all levels is one of the principal means to build a culture of peace.” Governments， civil society， the media， parents and teachers are all called upon to promote a peaceful culture.

The 1999 resolution also led to the observance from 2001 to 2010 of the U.N. International Decade for Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World.

While its official decade may be over， the culture of peace continues to be relevant 15 years after Resolution 53/243 was adopted. Each year， the GA adopts a resolution reaffirming the commitment of member states to building a culture of peace.

1999年，在他的敦促下，聯大通過了具有里程碑意義的第53/243號決議，即《和平文化宣言和行動綱領》。該決議堅決表明和平文化是一種基于非暴力、領土完整、人權、發展權、言論自由和崇尚男女權利平等的生活方式。

決議第四項明確表示，“各個層面的教育都是構建和平文化的主要途徑之一。”政府、公民社會、媒體、父母和教師都被號召推動和平文化。

1999年的決議還促使聯合國決定將2001-2010年設為“為世界兒童建設非暴力與和平文化國際十年”。

盡管官方的十年會結束，和平文化在第53/243號決議通過的十五年后仍舊影響著這個世界。每年，聯大都會通過一項決議，重申其協同所有成員國共建和平文化的承諾。

This year’s all-day event built on the success of two past high-level forums in 2012 and 2013， giving member states， U.N. entities and civil society a chance to exchange ideas on how to best promote nonviolence， cooperation and respect for all.

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon kicked off the day with an endorsement of the culture of peace.

“We need new forms of cultural literacy and diplomacy， between societies and within them，” he said. “We need educational curricula to deepen global solidarity and citizenship.

“Every day， I see the need to build a new culture of mediation， conflict resolution， peace-building and peace-keeping.”

今年論壇的召開基于2012和2013年所舉辦的兩屆論壇的成功，這給聯合國成員國、聯合國機構和公民社會一個機會去交流思想，探討如何最好地推動非暴力、合作和尊重每一個人。

聯合國秘書長潘基文在開幕式上表示了他對和平文化的頌揚。

“我們需要新形式的文化素養和外交，無論是在社會之間還是社會內部”，他說，“我們需要教育課程去深化全球團結和全球公民意識。”

“每天我都意識到我們需要建立一種新的有關調停、解決爭端、建設和平和維護和平文化。”

Interactive panels focused on the keys to attaining a culture of peace.

Lakhsmi Puri， Deputy Executive Director of UN Women， highlighted the role of women in building and sustaining the culture of peace.

Women “must be seen as agents of conflict prevention，” she said.

“With women， mothers， grandmothers， other family members often being the first teachers of children， they have and can play a vital role in educating young people to the value of peace.”

互動小組在討論中關注實現和平文化的關鍵途徑。

聯合國婦女署副執行主任Lakhsmi Puri強調了婦女在構建和維護和平文化中所發揮的作用。

婦女“必須被看成是阻止沖突的媒介”，她說。

“婦女、母親、祖母和其他女性家庭成員通常會是孩子的第一任教師，她們在教育年輕人懂得和平文化的價值中擔任著重要角色。”

Women should bring their leadership and solutions to the peacemaking table， according to the panellists. The youth population is also crucial to making a culture of peace a reality.

“Young people can be agents of peace，” said Ahmad Alhendawi， the Secretary General’s Envoy on Youth. “We must continue working together to ensure that the largest generation of humans is an opportunity， not a liability for our time.”

討論小組成員認為，婦女應將她們的領導力和解決辦法帶到和平進程的日程中來。同時，青年人也是實現和平文化的一個關鍵群體。

“年輕人可以成為和平的媒介”，聯合國秘書長青年問題特使Ahmad Alhendawi說。“我們必須繼續共同努力，確保人類數量最龐大的一代人成為新的機遇，而不是時代的負擔。”

Kathleen Kuehnast， director of the Centre for Gender and Peacebuilding at the U.S. Institute of Peace， received a round of applause when she proposed a new perspective on the culture of peace， invoking the analogy of creative， high-energy entrepreneurship.

“We need to incentivise peacebuilding，” she said. “We need to think about the culture of peace as a start-up operation. What we need is a Silicon Valley for nonviolent approaches to global problem solving.”

美國和平協會性別和和平建設中心主任Kathleen Kuehnast所提出的和平文化的新視角贏得了眾人的掌聲，并引出了關于創新、高能創業的類推。

“我們需要促進和平建設”，她說，“我們需要將和平文化視為一個創業操作。我們所需的是一個集中了各種非暴力途徑以解決全球問題的‘硅谷’”。

Dot Maver， president of the New York-based National Peace Academy， identified emerging trends and concepts that herald the rise of Global Citizenship Awareness， such as the sharing economy， the global commons and bioregional dialogues.

As a human community， “We are making this shift from I or me to we，” Maver said. Global citizenship is a pathway “from me to we to peace.”

紐約國家和平學會會長Dot Maver指出了預示全球公民意識增長的幾個趨勢和概念，如共享制經濟、全球公共領域和雙邊對話等。

作為人類社會，“我們要把這個轉變從個人或者‘我’推向‘我們’”。全球公民意識是“從我到我們實現和平”的途徑。

While the U.N. is a strong supporter of global citizenship and the culture of peace， it could do a much better job of spreading the message， according to Ambassador Chowdry.

The “U.N. has been focusing and putting most of its money on hardware for peacekeeping，” Chowdhury told IPS. It should be concentrating more on the “transformation of individuals into agents of peace and nonviolence.”

Throwing money at educational infrastructure will not be enough， Chowdhury said， because there is no guarantee that it would go toward the right type of education. The U.N. must work more with communities and societies to build education systems that teach young people to be citizens of the world.

縱使聯合國是全球公民意識與和平文化的強有力支持者，其能夠做的還有很多，如更好的傳播信息，喬德哈瑞大使認為。

“聯合國一直關注并將大部分財力用于維護和平的硬件建設，它應更多關注將個人轉化為和平與非暴力的媒介”。

用于教育基礎設施建設的資金還遠遠不夠，因為我們無法保證資金流向最適宜的教育模式。聯合國應與社區和社會合作打造教育系統，使其能夠將年輕人培養成為世界的公民。

“It has to be a comprehensive approach，” Chowdhury said. “It should be a transformational investment.”

In her remarks， Dot Maver made the observation that “energy follows thought， and we know that whatever we choose to focus on， we will get more of in life.”

Supporters of the culture of peace hope that the energy and ideas from Tuesday’s high-level forum will spread the message of global citizenship to the human community， leading to a true transformation.

“必須采取一種綜合的方式”，喬德哈瑞說。“應該采用一種變革性的投資模式。”在Dot Maver的講話中，她提出“能量跟隨思想而動，而且我們知道無論我們選擇關注什么，我們在生活中就會碰到更多該類問題。”

和平文化的支持者希望高級別論壇中的能量與想法能將全球公民意識傳播至人類社區，從而引領真正的變革。