State Of China Urban Youth Report 2013/2014 Urban Equity And Development I1

The world is rapidly changing and there are more people under the age of 25 today than ever， totaling nearly three billion.These young people not only unfortunately suffer limited access to opportunities and employment， but also have an increased level of vulnerability to disasters caused by climate change and urban sprawl. During the current economic crisis young people suffer disproportionately in labour markets， and they have been more vulnerable to layoffs and many are trapped in unemployment， under employment or low productive jobs and missing out on potential demographic dividend that investment in substantial youth cohort can achieve. Under such circumstances， UN-HABITAT and IESCO initiated the Urban Youth Empowerment and Ecological Safety Projects， and State of China Urban Youth Report is one of them.

目前，世界正經(jīng)歷巨大變化。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，25歲以下的年輕人越來越多，已達(dá)到30億。很遺憾的是，他們不僅得不到充分的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，相反，卻易遭受由于氣候變化和城市擁擠帶來的各種災(zāi)害的沖擊。經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中，勞動(dòng)力市場中的年輕人所遭受的打擊格外嚴(yán)重，他們極易被裁員，經(jīng)受失業(yè)、不完全就業(yè)的痛苦，在低生產(chǎn)力的工作崗位上苦苦掙扎；同時(shí)也喪失了潛在的對青年人密集地區(qū)投資的人口紅利。正是在這種形勢下，聯(lián)合國人類居住規(guī)劃署和國際生態(tài)安全合作組織發(fā)起了青年賦權(quán)與城市生態(tài)安全項(xiàng)目。其中，發(fā)布年度中國城市青年調(diào)查報(bào)告就是該項(xiàng)目的內(nèi)容之一。

The Questionnaire has 5 thematic dimensions of Equity and Employment， including the local institutional and organizational capacities associated with the creation of equitable Cities and their sustainability.

該問卷有五個(gè)關(guān)于公平和就業(yè)的專題，包括當(dāng)?shù)叵嚓P(guān)的體制和組織能力，創(chuàng)造公平的城市的能力及其可持續(xù)性。

Urban Equity： Definitions

城市公平：定義

Equity： refers to the distribution of opportunities. Equity concerns means leveling the playing field so that everyone benefit from the urban advantage and the equity of cities. It is about the equal access to healthcare， education and public goods in a manner that is fair and just. The report considers equity as a more appropriate response to the growing disparities in cities around the world.

Urban equity in development is not just an ideal， something that operates in the realm of ideas or aspirations. It is a concept framework that guides decision-making to enhance lives in cities for all； a useful tool needed to redefine the urban policy agenda at local， national and regional levels to ensure shared equity； and a factor to enhance the city’s transformative capacity to bring about collective well-being and fulfillment of all.

公平：是指機(jī)會(huì)的分配。公平就是創(chuàng)造公平的競爭環(huán)境，讓每個(gè)人都受益于城市的優(yōu)勢和城市的權(quán)益。它是指在獲得醫(yī)療、教育和公共物品的方式公平公正。該報(bào)告將公平作為一種更恰當(dāng)反應(yīng)世界各地城市差距越來越大的量表。

城市公平發(fā)展不只是一個(gè)理想，一個(gè)想法或一個(gè)愿望。它是一個(gè)指導(dǎo)決策者做出提升城市生活的概念框架，一個(gè)在當(dāng)?shù)亍液蛥^(qū)域?qū)用嬷匦露x城市政策以確保公平權(quán)益的有用工具，以及一個(gè)能提升城市的變革能力而造福全民的因素。

The following is the extract from the questionnaire：

以下是問卷節(jié)選：

SECTION 1： GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1. Name of the City： _____________________________

1.2. Name and address of the person or agency organizing the Expert Focus Group meeting where applicable

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

1.3. Your name， title， and organisational affiliation （Optional）：

____________________________________________________________________________________

1.4. Age： __________________________________

1.5. Gender： ________________________________

1.6. Education： _____________________________

1.1. 城市： _____________________________

1.2. 組織焦點(diǎn)小組討論的單位名稱和地址（如適用）

____________________________________________________________________________________________

1.3. 您的姓名，稱謂，所屬單位（可選填）：

____________________________________________________________________________________________

1.4. 年齡： _______________________________________________________

1.5. 性別： _______________________________________________________

1.6. 教育： _______________________________________________________

SECTION 2： URBAN EQUITY AND YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

GENERAL ISSUES AND PERCEPTION QUESTIONS

2.1. To what extent does your city promote equitable access to social， political， economic， environmental and cultural facilities according to the criteria defined at the beginning of this document？ Tick one

2.1.1. City is not at all inclusive （and equitable）

2.1.2. City is inclusive （and equitable） in all five aspects

2.1.3. City is inclusive （and equitable） only in economic activities

2.1.4. Other’s

If others， please explain： ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2. Does your city promote youth equity， i.e by ensuring the distribution and redistribution of the benefits of development to reduce poverty and inequality， protecting the rights of the youth and ensuring their participation by all in the social， political and cultural spheres？ Tick one

2.2.1. City is fully committed to promote equity

2.2.2. City is committed to promote equity

2.2.3. City is somewhat committed to promote equity

2.2.4. City is not making enough efforts to promote equity

2.2.5. City is not at all committed to promoting equity

2.2.6. I don’t know

Please explain your response： __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.3. How advanced are the policies promoting the different dimensions of equity in your city？

Please rate from 1 （very poor） to 5 （excellent）.

2.3.1. Economic Equities 1 2 3 4 5

2.3.2. Social Equities 1 2 3 4 5

2.3.3. Cultural Equities 1 2 3 4 5

2.3.4. Political Equities 1 2 3 4 5

2.3.5. Ecological and environmental sustainability1 2 3 4 5

Please explain your choices in the line below： __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.4. Does your city promote economic equity i.e foster economic development； create conditions to provide decent jobs and equal opportunities for youth， using creativity， innovation， research and development， and science and technology. Tick one

2.4.1. City is fully committed to promote economic equity

2.4.2. City is committed to promoting economic equity

2.4.3. City is somewhat committed to promoting economic equity

2.4.4. City is not making enough efforts to promote economic equity

2.4.5. City is not committed to promoting economic equity

2.4.6. I don’t know

Please explain your response： __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.5. Does your city promote social equity and inclusion， i.e.？ Provide adequate housing and decent basic services， facilitates equal access to key social services such as education and health， public goods and sound environmental conditions for youth. Please tick one

2.5.1. City is fully committed to promote social inclusion

2.5.2. City is committed to promoting social inclusion

2.5.3. City is somewhat committed to promoting social inclusion

2.5.4. City is not making enough efforts to promote social inclusion

2.5.5. City is not at all committed to promoting social inclusion

2.5.6. I don’t know

Please explain your response： __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.6. Does your city promote infrastructural development， i.e provide adequate infrastructure such as roads， telecommunications etc. in order to enhance spatial mobility and connectivity supported by sound financial mechanisms and regulations that increase accessibility to its residents？ Please tick one

2.6.1. City is fully committed to promote infrastructural development

2.6.2. City is committed to promoting infrastructural development

2.6.3. City is somewhat committed to promoting infrastructural development

2.6.4. City is not making enough efforts to promote infrastructural development

2.6.5. City is not at all committed to promoting infrastructural development

2.6.6. I don’t know

Please explain your response： __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.7. Does your city promote political equality and inclusion for youth i.e？ provides freedom and rights of the youth to participate.in the democratic processes and governance structures. Please tick one

2.7.1. City is fully committed to promote political inclusion

2.7.2. City is committed to promoting political inclusion

2.7.3. City is somewhat committed to promoting political inclusion

2.7.4. City is not making enough efforts to promote political inclusion

2.7.5. City is not at all committed to promoting political inclusion

2.7.6. I don’t know

Please explain your response： __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.8. Does your city promote cultural inclusion i.e？ Promotes social integration and cultural rights； contributes to gender empowerment and protection of the rights of vulnerable （the elderly， women， children and the youth） and minority groups （ethnic and religious groups）. Please tick one

2.8.1. City is fully committed to promote cultural inclusion

2.8.2. City is committed to promoting cultural inclusion

2.8.3. City is somewhat committed to promoting cultural inclusion

2.8.4. City is not making enough efforts to promote cultural inclusion

2.8.5. City is not at all committed to promoting cultural inclusion

2.8.6. I don’t know

Please explain your response： __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.9. Does your city promote ecological safety and environmental sustainability， i.e value the protection of the urban environment and natural assets while ensuring growth， and seek ways to reduce energy demand， minimize pressure on surrounding land and natural resources， prevent or minimize environmental losses by generating creative solutions to enhance the quality of the environment？ Tick one

2.9.1. City is fully committed to promote environmental sustainability

2.9.2. City is committed to promote environmental sustainability

2.9.3. City is somewhat committed to promote environmental sustainability

2.9.4. City is not making enough efforts to promote environmental sustainability

2.9.5. City is not at all committed to promoting environmental sustainability

2.9.6. I don’t know

Please explain your response： ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.1. 根據(jù)本文之前所定義的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，你所居住的城市從多大程度上推進(jìn)青年人能夠在社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境、和文化設(shè)施中取得公平的資源。請單選。

2.1.1. 城市一點(diǎn)兒也不包容和公平

2.1.2. 城市在這五項(xiàng)中都很包容和公平

2.1.3. 城市只在經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)方面包容和公平

2.1.4. 其他

如果選擇其他，請?jiān)斒觯?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2. 你所在的城市是否推進(jìn)青年公平？即是：通過公平分布或重新分布城市在發(fā)展過程中得到的資源和益處來減少貧窮和不公平現(xiàn)象，保護(hù)青年人的權(quán)益，保障他們在社會(huì)、政治、和文化各個(gè)層面的參與權(quán)。請單選。

2.2.1. 城市完全投入推進(jìn)公平

2.2.2. 城市致力于推進(jìn)公平

2.2.3. 城市在一定程度上推進(jìn)公平

2.2.4. 城市在推進(jìn)公平上做得不足夠

2.2.5. 城市不推進(jìn)公平

2.2.6. 我不知道

請解釋你的選擇： ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.3. 在你的城市，推進(jìn)不同層面公平的政策是否先進(jìn)有效？

請從1（很差）到5 （完美）打分。

2.3.1. 經(jīng)濟(jì)公平 1 2 3 4 5

2.3.2. 社會(huì)公平 1 2 3 4 5

2.3.3. 文化公平 1 2 3 4 5

2.3.4. 政治公平 1 2 3 4 5

2.3.5. 生態(tài)和環(huán)境的可持續(xù) 1 2 3 4 5

請解釋你的選擇： ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.4. 你所在的城市是否推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)公平？即是：推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造條件為青年提供合適的和公平的工作機(jī)會(huì)，合理運(yùn)用創(chuàng)造力、創(chuàng)意、科學(xué)研究、和科技。請單選。

2.4.1. 城市完全投入推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)公平

2.4.2. 城市致力于推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)公平

2.4.3. 城市在一定程度上推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)公平

2.4.4. 城市在推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)公平上做得不夠

2.4.5. 城市不推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)公平

2.4.6. 我不知道

請解釋你的選擇： ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.5. 你所在的城市是否推進(jìn)社會(huì)公平和包容？即是：提供足夠的住房和體面的基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)和設(shè)施，城市青年能夠公平地取得社會(huì)核心服務(wù)，例如教育和醫(yī)療、社會(huì)公共福利和良好的環(huán)境。請單選。

2.5.1. 城市完全推進(jìn)社會(huì)公平和包容

2.5.2. 城市致力于推進(jìn)社會(huì)公平和包容

2.5.3. 城市在一定程度上推進(jìn)社會(huì)公平和包容

2.5.4. 城市在推進(jìn)社會(huì)公平和包容上做得不夠

2.5.5. 城市不推進(jìn)社會(huì)公平和包容

2.5.6. 我不知道

請解釋你的選擇： ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.6. 你所在的城市是否推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)發(fā)展？即是：提供足夠的基建例如道路、電話通訊等等，有穩(wěn)定的財(cái)政和政策基礎(chǔ)做依靠，從而便利城市居民的流動(dòng)性和增加相互之間的溝通。請單選 。

2.6.1. 城市投入推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)發(fā)展

2.6.2. 城市致力于推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)發(fā)展

2.6.3. 城市在一定程度上推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)發(fā)展

2.6.4. 城市在推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)發(fā)展上做得不夠

2.6.5. 城市不推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)發(fā)展

2.6.6. 我不知道

請解釋你的選擇： ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.7. 你所在的城市是否推進(jìn)青年的政治公平和包容？即是：提供自由和權(quán)利讓青年人參與推進(jìn)民主發(fā)展和政府結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。請單選。

2.7.1. 城市完全推進(jìn)政治包容

2.7.2. 城市致力于推進(jìn)政治包容

2.7.3. 城市在一定程度上推進(jìn)政治包容

2.7.4. 城市在推進(jìn)政治包容上做得不夠

2.7.5. 城市不推進(jìn)政治包容

2.7.6. 我不知道

請解釋你的選擇： ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.8. 你所在的城市是否推進(jìn)文化包容？即是：促進(jìn)社會(huì)融合和文化權(quán)利，提升女性權(quán)益和保護(hù)弱勢群體（老人、婦女、兒童、青年）和少數(shù)群體（少數(shù)民族和信仰群體）。請單選。

2.8.1. 城市完全推進(jìn)文化包容

2.8.2. 城市致力于推進(jìn)文化包容

2.8.3. 城市在一定程度上推進(jìn)文化包容

2.8.4. 城市在推進(jìn)文化包容上做得不夠

2.8.5. 城市不推進(jìn)文化包容

2.8.6. 我不知道

請解釋你的選擇： _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.9. 你所在的城市是否推進(jìn)生態(tài)和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)性？即是：保證發(fā)展的同時(shí)珍惜城市環(huán)境和自然資源的保護(hù)，尋求辦法減少能源需求，降低對自然資源的壓力，通過創(chuàng)新來提升環(huán)境質(zhì)量從而防止自然資源流失。 請單選。

2.9.1. 城市投入推進(jìn)生態(tài)和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)

2.9.2. 城市致力于推進(jìn)生態(tài)和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)

2.9.3. 城市在一定程度上推進(jìn)生態(tài)和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)

2.9.4. 城市在推進(jìn)生態(tài)和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展上做得不夠

2.9.5. 城市不推進(jìn)生態(tài)和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)

2.9.6. 我不知道

請解釋你的選擇： _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

（Please send the completed questionnaireto Room 3-91， 9thFloor， Building 3， Jianguomenwai Diplomatic Residence Compound，

No.1 Xiushui Street， Chaoyang District， Beijing.

Or log on to the website for online State of China Urban Youth Survey http：//1.sojump.com/jq/2916553.aspx）

（敬請完成后寄往：中國北京市建外外交公寓391或登陸http：//1.sojump.com/jq/2916553.aspx，完成中國城市青年調(diào)查網(wǎng)上問卷）