不可交易的人權

“What I want is not just survival， but life，” Solomon， who said in jail in the movie Twelve Years a Slave. But there are millions of people who are deprived of the right to live by human traders worldwide. They are sold like commodities and forced to do sex work and work as labors. They live a miserable life and are tortured both physically and mentally as modern slaves. Some of them are lucky to be saved， while others sadly die in tears and bloods … Human trafficking has been one of the most serious crimes today， and how to crack down on it has been an urgent task for the international society.

“我想要的不僅僅是生存，而是生活。”在電影《為奴十二年》中，身陷囹圄的所羅門如是說道。然而在全世界，有上千萬的人口被人販子剝奪了生活的權利，他們被當做商品販賣，被迫從事性工作和充當勞動力。他們生活凄慘，被當做現代奴隸受到身心的雙重摧殘。有的人幸運，被解救出來，有的則悲慘地死在血淚中……人口販賣問題已經成為當今最為嚴重的犯罪行為之一，如何打擊這一罪行是當今國際社會亟不可待的任務。

On October， 22th， 2014， the coast guard in Bangladesh released a group of photos： a ship full of people heads for the coast and they are all victims of human trafficking and are sold to Bangladesh. In one of the pictures， there lie five bodies and other survivors sit around and talk， just likes nothing happened； another picture is about some victims that has been saved， and they get many scars and look at the distance woodenly …

The human trafficking industry is very advanced in Thailand. According to the newest Human Trafficking Report of State Department， it is estimated that， there are thousands of victims of human trafficking in Thailand and most of them come from neighboring countries. They are threatened， pressed or cheated to do sex work， fishing， clothes making and housekeeping， and some of them are forced to beg in the streets. Some victims stay on the sea for many years and have to work continuously for 18 to 20 hours a day， being threatened and assaulted. In June， 2014， Thailand was listed at the lowest “third level” of global human trafficking center by America， and Malaysia， Venezuela and other 22 countries are also at this level.

2014年10月22日，孟加拉海岸警衛隊公布了一組照片：一艘擠滿人的船駛向海岸，船上幾乎全是被販賣的受害者，他們將被販賣至孟加拉。其中一張照片中橫躺了五具被販賣的人的遺體，其他幸存者則坐在尸體周圍繼續聊天，就像什么都沒發生一樣；另一張照片上則是幾個被解救出來的受害者，他們傷痕累累，眼神木然地望向遠方……

泰國販賣人口的產業十分發達，在美國國務院最新一期的《販賣人口報告》中，據保守估計，泰國有成千上萬名人口販賣受害者，其中多數來自鄰國。他們遭受恐嚇、脅迫或欺騙，被迫從事性交易、捕魚、服裝制造和家政等工作，另有一些受害者則被迫沿街乞討。其中一些受害者數年來一直被困在海上，每天不得不連續工作18至20小時，并遭受威脅和毆打。在今年6月，泰國已被美國在“全球人口販賣中心”評級名單中降至最低的“第三級”，位列這一級別的還有馬來西亞、委內瑞拉等22個國家。

Modern slaves till today

延續至今的現代奴隸

The trans-Atlantic slave trade was abolished in the 19th century， but it doesn’t disappear afterwards in the world， but exists in various forms. The yell that for the equality and freedom for fellow black slaves by Martin Luther King 50 years ago is still echoing in some people’s hearts. Nowadays， maybe this kind of voice is not related to racial discrimination， but it is about the basic right for everyone -- freedom and equality.

According to the newest Global Human Trafficking Report by UN， the usually said “human trafficking” is easy to produce misunderstanding. Actually， this kind of crime should be called “enslavement”， since it not only emphasizes the transaction， but also highlights the evil behavior of illegally using human beings to do inhuman things. Economic crisis， unstable politics and more and more open boundaries provide a favorable condition for human traffickers. According to the UN materials， there are millions of people who are sold as modern slaves every year around the world， and most of them are sexually assaulted， forced into marriages or do hard works. It is estimated that there are over 18 million “modern slaves” and women and children are major vulnerable groups. A UN report said that， the most frequent form of human trafficking is sexual exploitation and covers 79%， and victims are mainly women； the second one is forced labors and covers 18%. Only 1% of slaves can be saved and millions of men， women and children are living an involuntarily life home or abroad.

19世紀跨大西洋販賣奴隸的行為被廢止后，這一做法并未在全球消失，而是變換各種形式出現。五十年前馬丁·路德·金為黑奴同胞平等和自由發出的吶喊，至今仍然會在一些人心中回響。在如今，或許這種呼聲已不關乎種族歧視，但卻關乎每個人都應享有的基本權利——自由與平等。

聯合國最新發布的《全球人口販賣報告》稱，通常人們所說的“人口販賣”很容易讓人產生誤解，其實，這種犯罪行為被稱作“奴役”更為恰當，因為這個術語不僅強調它交易的一面，也突出了非法利用人口從事各種非人性活動的罪惡行為。經濟危機和政局不穩以及邊界越來越開放為人口販子提供了極好的環境。根據聯合國的資料顯示，世界各地每年有數以百萬計的人被販賣作現代奴隸，受害者大多受到性侵犯、逼婚、被迫做苦力等奴役。估計目前全世界仍有超過1800萬人淪為“現代奴隸”，其中婦女和兒童往往是主要的受害群體。聯合國的報告顯示，最為常見的人口販賣形式是性剝削，占到人口販賣活動總數的79%，受害者大多為女性；第二類常見的人口販賣形式是強迫勞動，占總數的18%，而只有大約1%的受害者能夠獲救，其他數以千萬的男女、小孩在本國或者外國過著身不由己的生活。

A 15-year-old girl named Lina recalled when being rescued that， a Khmer told her he can bring her to Pattaya to work as a salesperson. He said she could make 10，000 THB every month， but she needed to pay 2500 THB as trip expense and agency fee or take the fee out from her wages after working there. The young girl believed him and followed him to Pattaya. Who knows it was nothing but a trap. When Lina found she was abducted and traded， she already lost freedom and was kept in a basement without a window and began her enslaved life. The human trafficker forced her to entertain guests and beat her if she showed a little disobedience. They even threatened her by the safety of her family and friends， and compelled her to keep doing things she didn’t want to. In order to avoid her running away， they even tattooed her. Lina recalled painfully that， “I haven’t seen sunshine for one month and these people are like beasts.”

In addition to women and children， men are also the victims of \"modern slavery\"， Thailand is still one of the busiest human trafficking centers. National Human Rights Commission reported that during July 17th to 19th， 2003， six search trawlers carried about 100 workers to fish in the waters of Indonesia. These workers are mostly immigrants， four of which are under the age of 16， and they cannot go home for three years. When the boats finally returned， 38 workers could not wait until that day， because they died of physical and mental torture in a foreign country， and their bodies were thrown into the sea randomly. Other survivors also got a variety of diseases when they went back home. Some had uncontrollable emotions and some lost vision and hearing， or even couldn’t walk. In 2010， FBI uncovered the largest human trafficking case in US history. 400 workers from Thailand were trafficked to the United States and forced to perform labor activity， and the working condition was extremely harsh.

十五歲的泰國女孩兒莉娜在被解救出來后回憶道，曾經有個高棉人告訴她可以帶她去芭提雅做售貨員。高棉人說她每月可以賺到10，000泰銖，但是需要她先付2，500泰銖的路費和中介費，如果沒有錢也可以先去工作再從工資里扣除。年輕的莉娜相信了，跟他上了去芭提雅的車。誰知這一去便一腳踏進了火坑。當莉娜發現自己被拐賣時，她已經失去了自由，被關在沒有窗戶的地下室，開始了被奴役的生活。人販子逼迫她去接客，稍有不從就對她拳腳相加，甚至用她家人和朋友的生命安全威脅莉娜，逼迫莉娜繼續做著自己不愿意做的事情。為了防止她逃跑，人販子還為她紋了身。在被解救出來后莉娜痛苦地回憶：“我在一個月里見不到陽光，這些人就像畜生一樣。”

除了婦女和兒童，男人也一樣是“現代奴隸”的受害者，泰國仍然是該地區最繁忙的販賣人口中心之一。國家人權委員會報告稱，2003年7月17至19日期間，6搜拖網漁船載著大約100個勞工到印度尼西亞的水域捕魚。這些勞工大多是外來移民，其中還有4個不滿16歲，他們在工作的三年中不能回家。當漁船終于可以返航時，38個勞工卻無法等到回家的這一天，他們因不堪身心的雙重折磨死在異國他鄉，而他們的尸體就被隨意扔進海里。其他幸存者回家后也陸續開始生各種疾病，有的情緒失控，有的喪失視力或者聽力，甚至無法行走。在2010年，美國聯邦調查局也破獲了美國歷史上一起最大的販賣人口案件，400名來自泰國的勞工被販賣至美國，強迫從事勞工活動，工作條件極其惡劣。

The lure of money is the source of all evil

金錢誘惑為萬惡之源

People are not commodities， how can be traded at will？ But sadly， the criminal acts of human trafficking are still in rampant growth around the world. What is the reason for these criminals to take the risk to do human trafficking in a dehumanizing way time and again？ Its source is precisely huge profits in it. Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Fedotov expressed his views at the international seminar of \"Response to Combat Human Trafficking – Put victims in Mind\"， he believes that the repeated human trafficking has profound social and economic reason. Fedotov said： \"There are two key reasons. First of all， for the criminals， it is an illegal and high-profit business. The amount of global human trafficking each year is about $ 32 billion. Secondly， the most likely victims of this crime want to have a chance to improve their lives， especially those who live in less developed countries， those who have just suffered conflicts or natural disasters， but in developed countries also exists this kind of crime. \"

In past 20 years， sex slave trafficking has become an organized trans-boundary international crime. The International Labor Organization estimated that， the illegal profit from slave labor is $150 billion every year， and 2＼3 of it comes from sex and entertainment industry and mostly from the exploitation on women and children. Since the profit is abundant in sex slave trade， human traffickers use kinds of ways to trap young girls. In order to win the trust of idle girls， they usually advertise on newspapers to hire female workers. They hire daughter of officer， wife of policeman or relative of priest to pretend to hire people and provide seemingly “munificent” wages and relatively easy jobs like babysitter， housekeeper and waiter. Under such temptations， many girls sign “working” contracts. As soon as those women leave their country， their certificates including passports are “kept” by human traffickers. When arrive， they are told they have been sold out and if they want freedom， they need to “pay back” by sex work. Others are directly drugged by human trafficker or forcibly abducted.

人非商品，豈可隨意買賣？但可悲的是，人口販賣的罪惡行為仍然在世界各地猖獗地增長。是什么原因讓這些犯罪分子鋌而走險、喪失人性一次又一次地進行人口販賣？其源頭正是該活動所帶來的豐厚利潤。聯合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室執行主任費多托夫曾在“響應打擊人口販賣——將受害者放在心上”的國際研討會上發表看法，他認為，販賣人口現象屢禁不止，有其深刻的社會經濟原因。費多托夫說：“有兩個關鍵的原因。首先，對于犯罪分子來說，販賣人口是違法但高利潤的一種生意。每年全球販賣人口總值達到了大約320億美元。第二，這種犯罪行為的最可能的受害者，是那些希望有機會改善自己的生活，特別是那些在欠發達國家，那些剛剛遭受了沖突、自然災害的國家的人們更是這樣，但是發達國家也存在這種犯罪行為。”

在過去20年里，性奴隸販賣已變成組織嚴密的跨國運作的國際犯罪。國際勞工組織預計，奴役勞動所產生的非法利潤高達每年1500億美元，其中三分之二來自于性和娛樂產業的剝削，且大多數情況下來自于對婦女和兒童的盤剝。由于性奴隸買賣獲利最豐，因此人販子會使出各種手段誘騙年輕的少女。為贏得無所事事的年輕姑娘的信任，人販子通常在報刊上登廣告招聘女工，并且在當地雇用官員的女兒、警察的妻子或神父的親戚假裝來雇人，為她們提供看似“優厚”的薪金，以及相對輕松的保姆、管家、服務員等工作。在這樣的誘惑下，很多女性紛紛簽訂“工作”合同。而當這些婦女一旦離開祖國后，包括護照在內的所有證件便由人販子“保管”。一抵達目的地，她們就被告知：你們已被售出，要想獲得自由，就得賣身還“債”。還有的則直接被人販子下迷藥或者強行拐賣。

Human trafficking is a business with little cost and high profit. The initial investment is only several hundred dollars for buying a suit of new garments for the victim and a flight ticket. Once the business is successful， they can sell the victim out in a high price. If they sell in larger cities what they have brought， the females could bring multiple profits to the human traffickers. The income they get from forcing the females to prostitute is also very surprising. Doctor Irene Fernandez， Director of the organization “Tenaganita” estimated the income of the victims of Southeast Asian. She introduced that if a female victim have eight customers every day and each customer pay about 40 dollars， then a victim can earn 320 dollars for traffickers every day. If the traffickers have 10 women who are forced to prostitute， they can earn 3200 dollars every day. The money of astronomical figure goes into the pocket of the traffickers， and the victims can only have one meal a day and endless torture.

International Labor Organization elaborated that slave labor does not have geographical boundaries， it exists in both developing and developed countries， bringing high profit for unscrupulous employers of industries such as agriculture， construction， manufacturing， mining and housekeeping. Because of the temptation of low cost and high profits， the concealment of human trafficking， and the fact that in some areas the judicial officers and government officials act as protection for traffickers， which is worse， human trafficking occurs repeatedly， being increasingly rampant. The victims usually have no ability to fight back， they cannot get in touch with the outside world and in order to survive， they have no choice but to do what they are told to.

人口販賣一本萬利，最初投入只是幾百美元，為受害者買上一身新衣服和一張機票即可，等一轉手，她們就能以不菲的價格賣出去。若去更大的城市再次轉手，這些女性還可以多次幫助人販子獲利。她們被迫賣淫所創造的收入也是相當驚人的。“婦女力量”組織的主任艾琳·費南德斯博士估算東南亞受害者的收入情況，她介紹，按照一個女受害者每天要接待八名顧客來算，每個顧客支付約40美元，那么每天一個受害者可以幫人販子賺到320美元，如果人販子手下有10名被迫接客的婦女，每天則可以賺到3200美元。這些天文數字幾乎都裝進了販賣集團的口袋，而那些受害者獲得的只是一天一頓飯以及無盡的折磨。

國際勞工組織稱，奴役勞動并無地理國界，發展中國家和發達國家都有，并給農業、建筑業、制造業、采礦業、家政等行業內的無良雇主帶來高額利潤。正是因為這些低成本高利潤的誘惑，加上人口販賣活動的隱蔽性，更為嚴重的地區甚至還有一些司法人員和政府官員為人販子撐起保護傘，使得人口販賣活動屢屢發生，甚至愈加猖獗。而受害者通常無還擊之力，他們無法與外界取得聯系，為了生存，只能聽受擺布。

To break the chains of humanity

打破禁錮人性的枷鎖

After years of indifference and neglect， the world is slowly realizing that slavery of modern forms does exist. The media and the public have gradually realized that for money， human can encroach on their own kind. Human trafficking has become an important means for traffickers and criminal groups to make profit. Mira Sorvino， the Goodwill Ambassador of United Nations of Anti trafficking and actress said： \"Only trades of drugs can make higher profit than this kind of modern slave trade （human trafficking）. Transnational criminal groups are turning people into commodities.\" Human trafficking not only infringes the rights， psychological and physical health of woman and children， but also accelerates the spread of AIDS， hepatitis C and other infectious diseases， and no one country can eliminate such crime yet.

The transnational trait of trafficking requires that all the countries join up and give an end to such brutal violations of human rights and dignity. The International Society have also taken different measures to combat cross-border human trafficking has also taken various means to combat. The legislation departments of every country are controlling such behavior with regulations of appropriate intensity. Justice departments are performing the duty of fighting against slavery through more prosecutions and convictions. Non-governmental organizations are also mobilizing kind-hearted people to gather resources to help the victims. Costa， Former Executive Director of The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime once called on governments， non-governmental organizations and the public to fight against the phenomenon of human trafficking together： \"What we can do is to protect vulnerable groups and put in more efforts to combat human trafficking and reduce the demand of the product and service of modern slaves.\"

多年的漠不關心和忽視之后，世界正在慢慢認識到現代形式的奴役制度確實存在。公眾和媒體逐漸意識到，為了金錢，人類會不惜蠶食人類。人口拐賣已成為人口販子和犯罪集團盈利的一項重要手段，聯合國反人口販賣親善大使、演員米拉·索爾維諾說：“只有毒品貿易比這種現代奴隸貿易獲利更多。跨國犯罪集團正將人變成商品。”人口販賣不僅嚴重侵害了婦女、兒童的權益和身心健康，還加速了艾滋病、丙型肝炎和其他傳染病的擴散，現在還沒有哪一個國家能夠消除這一罪行。

人口販賣的跨國性質要求所有國家聯合起來，結束這種粗暴踐踏人權和尊嚴的行為。國際社會對跨境人口販賣也采取了各種手段進行打擊。各國立法部門正通過力度適當的法規來控制這種行為。司法部門正在通過更多起訴和定罪，履行反對奴役制度的職責。民間組織也正在動員好心人，調動財力物力幫助受害人。前聯合國毒品與犯罪問題辦公室執行主任科斯塔曾呼吁各政府、民間組織及公眾共同與人口販賣現象作斗爭：“我們能做的是保護弱勢受害群體，加大對人口販賣的打擊力度以及減少對現代奴隸所生產商品和提供服務的需求。”

The United Nation has set special treaties to forbid cross-border human trafficking and combat cross-border human trafficking as an international crime. For example， the Protocol to Prevent， Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons， Especially Women and Children， supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime （come into effect on December 25， 2003） gave an unified definition of human trafficking for the first time and it’s goal was to prevent human trafficking， protect victims and punish traffickers. The supplementing protocol is a global convention specifically for transnational trafficking of women and children. It established international cooperation， to prevent and combat human trafficking of women and children effectively and provided the legal foundation for countries to carry out cooperation in combating transnational human trafficking of women and children. The protocol stipulates that contracting countries should take necessary legislative measures and other measures to define transnational human trafficking of women and children as a criminal offence. The convention requires that all the countries that are willing to comply with the convention should take measures of coordinating to combat these organized crimes， simplify the extradition procedure and expand the scope of extradition.

In addition to setting laws， more help and care should be given to victims， for instance， social should not view those victims who were once forced to have sex trades with prejudice， since that accepting them is actually of equal importance as punishing human traffickers. The Person-in-Charge of United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund for Victims of Human Trafficking thought， there were two important jobs in the problem of how to help the victims： \"First of all， to help the victims to turn to laws for help. For example， if they want to get compensation， support them， and let them be powerful in the procedure of the trial. Secondly， to conduct cross-border cooperation. For example， many victims want to return home after they are rescued. It is vital to ensure that they can have reunion （with their families） safely and effectively reunited， which can bring long-lasting living.\"

\"Every day， young girls are being traded with.\" This is the first sentence of the trailer of Trafficking. When we are enjoy the good time with our family， perhaps in another part of the world human trafficking is happening. The high crime rate of human trafficking high is worth the the alert of people， because it is not only a deplorable and terrible “story of others\"， but something that can occur beside every person. The victim can be your daughter， your wife， your friend or even yourself. Under the protection of laws of international organizations and national governments， citizens also need to improve their awareness of self-protection and not to believe the \"wonderful blueprint\" of strangers easily. Only by everyone having actions and helping combat such crimes， could the terrible incidents be reduced.

聯合國制定了專門條約，禁止跨境人口販賣，把跨境人口販賣作為國際犯罪打擊，如《（聯合國打擊跨國有組織犯罪公約）預防禁止和懲治人口販賣特別是婦女和兒童行為的補充議定書》（2003年12月25日生效）第一次在全球范圍內統一了人口販賣犯罪的定義，目標是預防人口販賣，保護受害者，懲治人販子。該補充議定書是專門針對跨國販賣婦女、兒童犯罪的全球性公約。它確立了通過促進國際合作，更加有效地預防和打擊跨國販運婦女、兒童的國際犯罪，為各國開展打擊跨國販賣婦女、兒童的合作提供了法律基礎。議定書規定締約國應采取必要的立法和其他措施，將跨國販賣婦女、兒童定為刑事犯罪。公約要求所有愿意遵守該公約的國家在法律上采取協調措施，以打擊這些有組織的犯罪，并且簡化引渡程序、擴大引渡范圍。

除了法律的制定，還要給予受害者更多的幫助和關懷，例如社會不應該帶著有色眼鏡去看待那些曾經被迫從事性交易的受害者，重新接納他們其實與懲罰人販子同等重要。聯合國幫助人口販賣受害者自愿信托基金負責人認為，在如何幫助受害者的問題上有兩項重要的工作：“第一是幫助受害者得到法律幫助。比如說幫助他們得到賠償，向他們提供支持，讓他們在審案程序中是有力量的。第二是跨國界合作。比如說，很多受害者在獲救后就想回家。至關重要的是要保證他們能夠安全、有效地（與家人）重新團聚，這才會帶來可持續的生活。”

“每一天，年輕的女孩子們都在被買賣著。”這是電影《人口販賣》預告片中的第一句話。就在我們享受著和家人美好的團聚時光時，或許在世界的另一個地方，人口交易正在發生。人口販賣的高犯罪率值得人們警醒，它并不僅僅是讓人嘆息、讓人恐懼的“別人的故事”，它很可能發生在每個人的身邊，受害者也許是你的女兒、你的妻子、你的朋友、甚至你自己。在國際組織和各國政府的法律保護下，公民還需提高自我保護意識，不要輕信陌生人描繪的“美好藍圖”，只有每個人都行動起來，幫助打擊這種犯罪行為，駭人聽聞的事件才能減少發生。

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The anti-trafficking suggestions

1. To establish bilateral relations：

To establish bilateral relations with countries that are not members of The Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative Against Trafficking （COMMIT Process）， to protect the rights of the victims of human trafficking better， provide more effective services and ensure that the rights of children of different genders are protected.

2 To promote participation：

To promote the participation of victims of human trafficking in the setting of national and regional policies， so as to strengthen the effective protection of them.

3. To construct an information platform：

To construct safe platform that can be used to share information of relevant laws， travel， immigration documents， message， and chances of neighboring countries.

4. To develop the plan of actions：

To develop a national action plan against human trafficking and ensure the fund source for ensuring implementation of these programs.

5. To approve treaties：

To approve all relevant international treaties of human trafficking.

6. To set and perfect the law：

To set and perfect laws and relevant laws of human trafficking， such as laws of international adoption （to prevent human trafficking of children through adoption） and minors （to protect all children， including minors who have violated the law）.

7. To strengthen the implementation of the anti-trafficking laws：

To make guidance books of working for law-enforcement personnel， help them to tell victims of human trafficking from victims of human smuggling and teach them how to treat and help victims.

8. To set guidelines for the country to protect victims：

The opinions of children， other vulnerable groups and civil societies should be sought when people are setting guidelines.

9. To ensure education：

To ensure that all children， including those affected by population flowing can receive education.

10. To protect children：

To protect all the children who are born and registered domestic， and ensure their access to enough education and medical health service.

聯合國十大反拐建議：

1.建立雙邊關系：

與目前還不是區域合作反拐進程（簡稱：COMMIT進程）成員的國家建立雙邊關系，以便更好地保護拐賣受害人的權利，提供更有效的服務，確保不同性別及兒童的權益受到保障。

2.促進參與：

推動拐賣受害人參與國家和區域政策的制定，從而加強對他們的有效保護。

3.構建信息平臺：

構建一個可以共享的相關法律、旅行、移民文件、信息，以及鄰國就業機會信息的安全平臺。

4.制定行動計劃：

制定國家反對拐賣人口行動計劃，確保實施這些計劃的資金來源。

5.批準條約：

批準所有與拐賣人口有關的國際條約。

6.制定和完善法律：

制定和完善拐賣人口和其他相關法律，如國際收養（防止通過收養途徑來拐賣兒童）和與未成年人有關的法律（保護所有兒童，包括觸犯法律的未成年人）。

7.加強實施反拐法：

為執法人員制定相關反拐工作指導手冊，幫助他們分辨拐賣受害人和偷渡受害人，如何對待、幫助受害人等。

8.制定國家保護受害人指導原則：

在制定指導原則時應征求兒童、其他脆弱群體和民間社會的意見。

9.確保教育：

確保所有兒童，包括那些受流動影響的兒童都可以接受教育。

10.保護兒童：

保護所有在國內出生的兒童，進行出生登記，確保他們獲得足夠的教育和醫療保健服務。