青年何以“撞上”艾滋病

It should be an age of endless hope and expectations， but AIDS shadows the fantasy of them. In the investigation， there are many people who do not know when and where they were infected the virus and also many cases of trying to commit suicide after crying bitterly. Then， what is the reason for the claws of AIDS reaching out to youths？ And what gives AIDS the opportunity to spread in this group？

Experts said that， the reason why youths become the high-risk group of AIDS is that this group hasn’t received enough scientific and comprehensive knowledge of AIDS prevention and treatment and sex education.

本應是對未來充滿無限期待和希冀的年華，但感染艾滋病讓青年群體的一切幻想都籠上了陰影。在記者調查中，往往不知自己是何時、何地被傳染上病毒的大有人在，在痛哭流涕后不知所措并試圖自殺的案例也并不鮮見。那么，究竟是什么原因使得艾滋病向青年伸出了魔爪？又是什么使得艾滋病在這個群體中有了可乘之機？

有專家表示，青年群體之所以成為艾滋病高發人群，與該群體未受到足夠全面和科學的艾滋病防治知識和性教育大有關系。

In China， sex education is always considered as a thing that “is difficult to ascend the place of refinement”， and some even become pale even at the mention of the name of sex. During the interview， many mothers-to-be mentioned the awkward situation when they asked their parents “where did I come from”. Parents born in 1950s and 1960s always beat about the bush for this question and seldom formal answer questions related to sex. Nowadays， sex education is not widely popularized as a course in schools.

Chen Fang， a senior media person， wrote that， “young boys and young girls in adolescent have normal physical agitation and the sex education in schools is lag behind， so it seems unavoidable for more and more college students ‘to get infected’.” The investigation of media shows that， many college students from second and third tier cities or rural areas know little about AIDS. Some even only know it is a deadly disease but don’t know how it spreads. Chen Fang also said， “The sex education at college is generally backward and the recourse of government education system and health system for college students AIDS prevention haven’t been effectively integrated， which make the AIDS prevention situation of youths become more serious.

What’s more， Zhu Qi， known as the first person in China doing AIDS prevention and health education said in an interview that， “the promiscuity caused by sex freedom severely breaks the ecological balance of normal microbes in human genital tract， which leads to the venereal disease and AIDS epidemic and also makes the consistent form of new causative agents of venereal disease.”

在中國，性教育一度被認為“難登大雅之堂”，更有甚者提及性教育如談虎色變。在記者采訪中，有許多準媽媽提及自己兒時問父母“自己是從哪里來的”所遭遇的尷尬局面。出生于上世紀50、60年代的父母，對于此問題常常會閃爍其詞，很少正式回答兩性話題。現如今，性教育也并不曾作為校園課程被大范圍推廣。

資深媒體人陳方對此撰文表示，“青春期的少男少女本來就有著正常的生理躁動，再加上高校性教育滯后，越來越多的大學生‘中招’似乎在所難免。”來自媒體的調查也顯示，很多二、三線城市或農村地區的大學生對于艾滋病知之甚少，有些人甚至只知道艾滋病是一種會致命的疾病，但通過何種渠道傳播了解不多。陳方還指出，“高校性教育普遍落后，而政府教育系統和衛生系統在大學生防艾方面的資源又未得到有效整合，使得青年防艾形勢變得更為嚴峻。”

此外，被譽為中國預防艾滋病健康教育第一人的朱琪接受媒體采訪時提出，“性自由造成的性亂，嚴重破壞了人體生殖道正常微生物的生態平衡，導致了性病、艾滋病的流行，還促使新的性病病原體不斷形成。”

The reporter found in the investigation that， it is very common for young people to have sex experience or even live together with others when they are undergraduates. Many peers say，\"It is very normal for the unmarried undergraduates to live together. It is not rare.\" According to the report of Christian Science Monitor， in Baltimore， three of every four female residents who give births are unmarried mothers. Former U.S. President Clinton also said， \"It is a common phenomenon for maidens to give birth. It is not only a moral problem， but also a social and economic problem.\"

Meanwhile， among the young people who have AIDs， those who were infected during sexual contacts between males make up a large proportion. Besides， the feature of behaving different from thinking （i.e. high rate of homosexual people know AIDs， but few people adopt safe behavior） of the “gay men” group increases the risk of being infected with AIDs.

In addition， social networks which enjoy great popularity among young people also help. Wang Dayong， expert of AIDs prevention and treatment stressed， “The increased number of infected young men is owing to the popularity of social software. In the past homosexual people are obscure， but nowadays they could be searched with cellphones within meters. The trend of Internet dating is becoming increasingly popular and it is easier to find sexual partners. Social homosexual groups， therefore， enter the student circles of school. Young men， who haven’t gone to society do not have enough self-protection awareness and are more easily to be infected with AIDs comparatively.”

記者在調查過程中發現，青年在大學期間偷嘗禁果甚至同居的情況非常多見，并且很多同齡人表示，“在校生未婚同居很正常，見怪不怪。”據美國《基督教科學箴言報》報道，2001年，巴爾的摩每4個分娩的女性居民中，3個是未婚母親。而美國前總統克林頓也曾表示，“少女生孩子在美國是一個普遍現象，這不僅是一個道德問題，也成了經濟和社會問題。”

與此同時，在感染艾滋病病毒的青年患者中，由男男性接觸感染的情況占有較高比例。而“男同”群體存在的“知行分離”（即同性戀者對艾滋病的知曉率很高，但采取安全行為的人數卻很少）特點更加大了罹患艾滋病的風險。

另外，社交網絡在青年群體中被熱捧的情況一定程度上起了“推波助瀾”的作用。艾滋病性病防治專家王大勇強調，“男青年群體受感染人數的增多，和社交軟件發達有關。原本同性戀比較隱匿，如今幾米之內就能用手機‘搜’到。網絡交友增加，使尋找性伴侶更加容易，社會同性戀群體也進入校園學生的圈子中。相對而言，尚未進入社會的男青年，常因缺乏自我保護意識，容易增加感染艾滋病的風險。”