李瓊霞
編者按:“get up,get in,get on,get off……這些長相酷似的短語為什么會是一道題的四個選項?難道答案是ABCD?”你是否常常因為這些“N胞胎”而抓狂?專門為大家排憂解難的小編從本期開始邀請資深英語教師為大家詳細剖析這類易混短語。走過路過千萬不要錯過哦!
take高頻短語
1. take up表示“占據(時間或空間),拿起(武器),從事,采取”。例如:These big desks take up too much room, so wed better take them away. 這些大桌子占據了太多的空間,我們最好把它們搬走。
2. take effect表示“開始起作用,生效”。
辨析:take effect 和come into effect的區別。
come into effect表示“生效”,主要指的是契約、合同等產生法律效力。take effect表示“起到作用,有效果”,如藥劑、主意、措施等起到了預期作用。例如:
(1)The new traffic law will take effect next week. 新的交通法將在下周生效。
(2)These rules shall come into effect as of the date of promulgation. 本細則自發布之日起施行。
3. take place表示“發生、進行”。
辨析:take place 和 happen,occur,come about,break out的區別。
take place表示“發生、舉行、舉辦”,一般指非偶然性事件的“發生”,即這種事件的發生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。happen作“發生、碰巧”解,一般用于偶然或突發性事件。occur作“發生、想到、突然想起”解,其意義與happen類似。come about表示“發生、產生”,多指事情已經發生了,但還不知道為什么,常用于疑問句和否定句。break out意思為“發生、爆發”,常指戰爭、災難、疾病、火災、爭吵等的發生,也可以表示突然大聲叫喊等。例如:
(1)Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. 在過去十年間,我們的家鄉發生了巨大的改變。
(2)It occurred to me that I saw him on my way home yesterday. 我突然想起昨天在回家路上見過他。
(3)I happened to see your sister crying on my way to school yesterday. I was in such a hurry that I had no time to ask what had happened to her. 我昨天在去學校的路上偶然碰見你妹妹在哭。我太匆忙了,沒有時間問她發生了什么事情。
(4)When the Second World War broke out, Tom was only a newborn infant. 二戰爆發的時候,湯姆只是個新生嬰兒。
(5)Ill never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. 我永遠都不會明白你怎么會一周遲到三次。
4. take in表示“理解、欺騙、接受”。例如:Some salesmen have taken in the old people and made them buy their poor quality products.一些商販誘騙老年人買他們那些質量差的產品。
5. take on 表示“雇用,呈現(新面貌等),承擔”。例如:The land around the lake takes on a different look. 湖周圍的土地呈現出不同的面貌。
高考鏈接:(2011陜西卷)Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves. 有些昆蟲可以使自己呈現出與周圍環境相同的顏色,以保護自己。
6. take over表示“接管、接收、接任”。例如:After graduation, he took over the company from his father. 畢業后,他接管了父親的公司。
高考鏈接:(2013遼寧卷)Briggs will take over as general manager when Mitchell retires. 米切爾退休后,布里格斯將作為總經理接管(公司)。
7. take part in表示“參與、參加”。
辨析:take part in和attend,join in,join,enter for的區別。
take part in表示參加活動并起到積極的作用;attend表示出席會議、儀式等;join in表示參加具體的活動;join表示加入團體組織;enter for表示報名參加。例如:
(1)I will have to attend his funeral next week. 我下周要去參加他的葬禮。
(2)My father joined a revolutionary-organization in 1938. 我父親在1938年加入了一個革命組織。
(3)We often take part in physical labor. 我們經常參加勞動鍛煉。
(4)Why didnt you join in the talk last night?你昨晚為什么不加入我們的談話?
(5)Before you take the contest, you are to enter for it. 在參加比賽之前,你必須先報名。
put高頻短語
1. put aside表示“將……放在一邊,保留”。例如:We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common. 我們應該拋開分歧,討論一下我們的共同點。
2. put away表示“收拾起來,存起來,放好,儲蓄”。例如:He puts away some money for his retirement. 他存了一些錢以備退休之用。
高考鏈接:(2010全國卷II)My mother opened the drawer to put away the knives and spoons. 媽媽打開抽屜,把刀和勺子放到里面。
3. put down表示“記下、放下、鎮壓、平息”。例如:The uprising was put down with the utmost ferocity. 起義被極端殘酷地鎮壓下去了。
高考鏈接:(2012全國卷I)Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put down almost every word her teacher says. 瑪麗很擅長在課堂上做筆記,她能記下老師講的每個單詞。
4. put forward表示“提出,撥快(鐘等)”。例如:I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV. 我傾向于接受電視上的專家提出來的任何觀點。
5. put off表示“延期、推遲”。
辨析:put off和call off,postpone,cancel,delay的區別。
put off,postpone,delay均有“推遲、延期”之意。put off為口語用詞,與postpone同義,但較通俗。postpone為正式用詞,語氣較強,多指有安排地延期,常指明延期到一定的時間。delay為普通用詞,多指因外界原因推遲或耽誤,通常表示航班推遲或出貨晚了,也可指有意推遲。而call off和cancel表示取消安排或預約,且通常不再作新的安排。例如:
(1)The meeting is put off because of the heavy snow. 因為大雪,會議被推遲了。
(2) Many people put off until tomorrow what they can do today. They always look for excuses to postpone doing something. 很多人把今天能做的事拖到明天,他們總是找借口拖延做事。
(3)The Russian foreign minister yesterday called off/ cancelled his visit to Washington. 俄羅斯外交部長昨天取消了對華盛頓的訪問。
(4)The accident delayed the train for two hours. 事故使火車耽擱了兩小時。
6. put out表示“撲滅、出版、熄滅、傳出、生產、制造”。例如:A big fire broke out last night and soon it was put out. 昨天晚上起了場大火,但很快就被撲滅了。
7. put up表示“舉起、張貼、建造、搭起、公布、投宿”。例如:We can put you up for the night since its getting dark. 天黑了,我們可以留你住一晚。
高考鏈接:(2011遼寧卷)The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon. 考試結果會在星期五下午得到公布。
(2011浙江卷)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night. 他決定直接開車回家,而不是在旅館住一晚。
8. put up with 表示“容忍、忍受”。
辨析:put up with和bear,stand的區別。
put up with為口頭用語,指“耐心忍受”,含有“寬恕、不計較”之意,一般指容忍較小的事情,具有“寬容、默認、將就某人或某事”的意思。bear表示“忍受、忍耐”,為普通用語,泛指忍受精神上或肉體上不同程度的各種折磨,也可表示某人勇于承受住某種壓力或經受住某種考驗,多用于否定句和疑問句,常與can,could連用。stand 表示“忍耐”時多用于口語,常用于否定句或疑問句中;若用于肯定句,意為“不屈不撓,經受得起”,暗示某人能經受住各種磨難,具有不屈不撓的精神。例如:
(1)She had to put up with many inconveniences while living in the countryside. 在鄉下住時,她不得不忍受很多不便之處。
(2)She couldnt bear to be laughed at. 她不能忍受被人取笑。
(3)He successfully stood the severe test. 他成功地經受住了嚴峻的考驗。