那些不完善身體之下的非凡靈魂

2014-04-29 00:00:00ByTiffinyCarlson宋怡秋

新東方英語·中學版 2014年12期

上天給予了他們殘缺的身體，但并沒有賦予他們殘缺的心靈。在人生這條道路上，他們走得更加艱辛，付出了比常人更多的努力。在命運面前，他們沒有屈服，他們負重前行。他們向世人證明，身體的不完美并不能阻礙靈魂的前行，只要心中有志，只要不懈努力，一樣可以活出精彩的人生！

Stephen Hawking

斯蒂芬.霍金

Much more than the namesake1） of Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking2）， Stephen Hawking is one of the most well-known physicists in the world， and he was able to achieve that in spite of being diagnosed with ALS when he was 21. He can now only speak with the assistance of a computer and has been a fulltime powerchair-user since the 1980s. His disability however has never been an excuse to give up on3） his desire to study the universe， specifically the framework of general relativity and quantum4） mechanics. His best-selling work， A Brief History of Time， stayed on the Sunday Times bestsellers list for an astounding5） 237 weeks.

斯蒂芬.霍金遠不止是名字出現在《走進霍金的宇宙世界》中那么簡單，雖然在21歲時被確診患有肌萎縮側索硬化癥，他依然有能力成為全球最著名的物理學家之一。如今，他只有在計算機的輔助下才能說話，并且自上世紀80年代以來一直要依靠電動輪椅代步。然而他從未以自身殘疾為借口而放棄對宇宙、特別是對廣義相對論和量子力學理論框架進行研究的欲望。他的暢銷作《時間簡史》穩居《星期日泰晤士報》暢銷書榜單長達237周，令人驚嘆。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

富蘭克林.德拉諾.羅斯福

A beloved U.S. president who helped guide the nation successfully through World War II， President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is considered a great president and the entire time he was in office， FDR was also a wheelchair-user. Upon starting his political career in gusto6）， he contracted7） polio8） while drinking water at a campground and became paralyzed from the waist down. Even though it wasn't made public until years later that he couldn't walk for fear of the public doubting his competency， FDR proved paralysis wasn't a roadblock to being a great leader.

深受其民眾愛戴的美國總統富蘭克林.德拉諾.羅斯福帶領美國取得了二戰勝利，被認為是一位偉大的總統。在其就任總統的整個任期，他也是在輪椅上度過的。就在他滿懷熱情要走上從政之路時，他卻在一次露營期間由于飲水而感染了脊髓灰質炎，導致腰部以下癱瘓。因為擔心公眾對他的能力產生懷疑，他在數年后才將自己無法行走這一事實公之于世，盡管如此，羅斯福還是向世人證明了癱瘓并不能阻礙他成為一位偉大的領袖。

Ralph Braun

拉爾夫.布朗

The late founder of the Braun Corporation， one of the leading manufacturers of wheelchair accessible vehicles， and named \"a champion of change9）\" by President Barack Obama， Ralph Braun was a man who thrived10） on bringing the freedom of mobility to people with disabilities.

Born with muscular dystrophy11）， Ralph started his career in 1966 when he created the first wheelchair accessible van with hand controls and in 1991 Ralph's company， BraunAbility， created the first accessible minivan. His vision has brought mobility via four wheels to millions of people around the world， and despite passing away earlier this year， his legacy will never be forgotten.

在制造可供輪椅自由上下的車輛領域，布朗公司屬于處于領先地位的生產商之一，其已故的創始人拉爾夫.布朗因給殘障人士的自由出行帶來了便利而取得了極大的成功，被巴拉克.奧巴馬總統譽為“變革先鋒”。

作為一名先天性肌營養不良癥患者，拉爾夫于1966年制造出第一輛可手動操控的帶有輪椅升降裝置的廂式貨車，由此開啟了自己的事業。1991年，拉爾夫的BraunAbility公司又生產出第一輛帶有輪椅升降裝置的小型貨車。他的遠見卓識已經讓全球數百萬的殘障人士可以乘坐汽車自由出行。雖然他在今年（編注：英文原文發表于2013年10月）年初過世了，但世界永遠不會忘記他留下的寶貴財富。

John Hockenberry

約翰.霍肯貝瑞

An American journalist and author， four-time Emmy Award winner and three-time Peabody Award winner， John Hockenberry is one of the most successful journalists with a spinal cord12） injury. He worked for Dateline13） in the late 1990s， becoming one of the first visible journalists to use a wheelchair on an American network. He's also the author of the book， Moving Violations： War Zones， Wheelchairs and Declarations of Independence， and has been a radio host of The Takeaway， a live national news program on Public Radio International since 2008.

美國記者和作家約翰.霍肯貝瑞曾經四度榮獲艾美獎、三度榮獲皮博迪獎，是事業最成功的記者之一，同時也是一名脊髓損傷患者。他在上世紀90年代末任職于《日界線》節目組，成為最早坐著輪椅出現在美國電視網節目中的出鏡記者之一。他還是《違章駕駛：戰場、輪椅和自立宣言》一書的作者，并從2008年以來一直擔任公共國際廣播電臺一檔名為《新聞隨身聽》的國內新聞直播節目的主持人。

1.namesake [?ne?mse?k] n. 同名物；同名的人

2.Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking：《走進霍金的宇宙世界》，由霍金親自撰寫并參演的系列科學紀錄片，最初在美國探索頻道（Discovery Channel）播出。

3.give up on：對……表示絕望

4.quantum [?kw?nt?m] n. 量子

5.astounding [??sta?nd??] adj. 令人震驚的

6.gusto [?ɡ?st??] n. 興致勃勃；熱情

7.contract [?k?n?tr?kt] vt. 感染（疾病）

8.polio [?p??li??] n. 骨髓灰白質炎；小兒麻痹癥

9.champion of change：變革先鋒，是美國奧巴馬政府推行的一個項目，旨在通過從創新、教育方面等超越競爭對手來為美國贏得未來。奧巴馬鼓勵美國民眾積極參與該項目，還親自為被提名的“變革先鋒”頒獎。

10.thrive [θra?v] vi. 興旺發達

11.dystrophy [d?str?fi] n. 營養障礙

12.spinal cord：脊髓

13.Dateline：日界線，即Dateline NBC，是美國的一個新聞雜志節目，在其全國廣播公司（NBC）播出。

14.malformed [?m?l?f??md] adj. 畸形的

15.cochlea [?k?kli?] n. 【解】（耳）蝸

16.prodigy [?pr?d?d?i] n. 天才；神童

17.Motown：摩城唱片公司，前身為塔姆拉唱片公司（Tamla Records），由小貝里.戈迪（Berry Gordy， Jr.， 1929～）于1959年在美國底特律創建。

18.trolley [?tr?li] n. <美>有軌電車

19.misshapen [?m?s??e?p?n] adj. [貶]畸形的

20.make history：創造歷史，影響歷史進程

21.Bharatanatyam：婆羅多舞，南印度泰米爾納德邦的傳統舞蹈，為印度四大古典舞蹈之一。

22.prosthetic [pr?s?θet?k] adj. 假體的

Marlee Matlin

瑪麗.瑪特琳

An Academy Award winning actress for her leading role in Children of a Lesser God， Marlee Matlin is one of the most successful actresses who's deaf. She has been deaf since she was 18 months old due to a genetically malformed14） cochlea15）. She also received a Golden Globe Award for her role in Children of a Lesser God. Since receiving her Oscar， Marlee has been a character on many TV shows including The L Word and Law Order： SVU， and has appeared on reality shows such as The Apprentice and Dancing with the Stars.

Stevie Wonder

史蒂維.旺德

One of the most beloved singers alive today， Stevie Wonder is a musician， singer， and songwriter who was born blind. He was born six weeks early. The blood vessels at the back of his eyes had not yet reached the front and aborted their growth， hence his blindness.

Considered a child prodigy16）， Stevie signed with his first record label at age 11， Motown's17） Tamla label， and he's been performing since. Over his wildly successful music career， Stevie has recorded more than 30 U.S. top ten hits， including his singles \"Superstition\" \"Sir Duke\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\".

Frida Kahlo

弗里達.卡羅

Injured in a trolley18） accident when she was a teenager and forced into bed rest for several months to heal a broken back and a back that would never fully heal 100 percent， Mexican artist Frida Kahlo is one of the most well-known artists with disabilities of the 20th century. She also contracted polio when she was six and had a misshapen19） leg.

Frida is most known for her self-portraits， many of which portrayed her in her wheelchair， and her fierce spirit of survival through artistic expression.

曾因主演電影《小神的兒女》而摘得奧斯卡桂冠的女演員瑪麗.瑪特琳是失聰女演員中的佼佼者之一。她在一歲半的時候由于遺傳性耳蝸畸形喪失了聽力。她還憑借在《小神的兒女》中的表演贏得了一座金球獎。在獲得奧斯卡金像獎之后，瑪麗又出演了《拉字至上》和《法律與秩序：特殊受害者》等許多電視劇，并參加了《學徒》和《與星共舞》等真人秀節目。

史蒂維.旺德是音樂家、歌手兼詞曲作家，也是當今最受人們喜愛、仍健在的歌手之一。他先天失明。由于早產了六周，他眼睛后部的血管還沒有發育到前部就停止了生長，造成了他的失明。

從小被譽為“神童”的史蒂維在11歲時就與摩城的前身塔姆拉唱片公司簽下第一份唱片合約，從此開始了演藝生涯。史蒂維的音樂事業極為成功，他共有30多首歌曲打入了美國流行音樂排行榜前十名，其中包括《迷信》《杜克先生》和《電話訴衷情》等單曲。

墨西哥畫家弗里達.卡羅是20世紀最著名的殘疾藝術家之一。少女時代的卡羅在一起電車事故中背部受傷，被迫臥床休養數月來治療背傷，但她的背傷卻終身未能徹底痊愈。六歲時，她還曾得過脊髓灰質炎，一條腿落下了殘疾。

弗里達最為著名的是她運用藝術手法所表現出的頑強生存意志以及她的諸多自畫像，那些畫大多畫的是她坐在輪椅上的樣子。

Helen Keller

海倫.凱勒

An American author， political activist， and lecturer who is on the Alabama state quarter， Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to earn a college degree. Her story was famously portrayed in the play and the film， The Miracle Worker， which documented how her teacher Anne Sullivan was finally able to develop a language that Helen could understand. Helen wrote a total of 12 published books， including her spiritual autobiography， My Religion， and was also a member of the Socialist Party in America， and campaigned heavily for women's rights and other labor rights.

在代表亞拉巴馬州的25美分紀念幣上我們可以看到美國作家、政治活動家和演說家海倫.凱勒，她是第一位取得大學學位的盲聾人士。她的故事因戲劇和電影《奇跡的締造者》而家喻戶曉，這些作品記錄了她的老師安妮.沙利文如何最終能找到一種可以與海倫溝通的語言。包括心靈自傳《我的信仰》在內，海倫總共創作并出版了12本書。此外，作為美國社會黨的一員，她還積極參與了大量的社會活動，以爭取婦女權利和其他勞工權益。

Lenin Moreno

萊寧.莫雷諾

One of the most powerful people with a disability to hold public office since FDR， Lenin Moreno was the Vice President of Ecuador from 2007 to 2013， making history20） and bringing attention to the needs of the disabled people in his country in the process. He was injured in a shooting before getting involved in politics. Thanks to his work for providing for the needs of people with disabilities in his country when he was Vice President， Lenin was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize in 2012.

萊寧.莫雷諾曾于2007～2013年間擔任厄瓜多爾副總統，是繼富蘭克林.德拉諾.羅斯福之后權力最大的殘疾人之一，他不僅創造了歷史，而且還在這一過程中提高了國民對殘疾人需求的關注。他是在從政之前的一次槍擊事件中受傷致殘的。萊寧于2012年獲得了諾貝爾和平獎的提名，而這要歸功于他在擔任副總統期間為滿足厄瓜多爾殘疾人的需求所做的努力。

Sudha Chandran

蘇達.錢德蘭

While her name might not be as well known in the United States， Sudha Chandran is one of the most well-known dancers and TV actresses in India despite losing one of her legs to infection in 1981 after a car accident. She's what is known as a Bharatanatyam21） dancer， and was able to teach herself how to dance using a prosthetic22） \"Japir foot\"， enabling her to become one of the most highly acclaimed dancers in the world. A Bollywood film， Mayuri， was also made about her life.

也許蘇達.錢德蘭在美國的知名度并不是很高，但她在印度可是著名的舞蹈家和電視女演員之一，盡管她的一條腿在1981年的一場車禍后因感染而被截肢。她因跳婆羅多舞而為人熟知，還自學了如何佩戴“Japir假肢”跳舞，這使其成為世界上最富盛譽的舞蹈家之一。有一部寶萊塢（編注：位于印度孟買的電影基地）電影《Mayuri》就是根據她的人生經歷改編的。