孫成正 朱孝立 趙春柳
摘要:光伏陣列作為太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的基本發(fā)電單元,在局部陰影條件下,它的輸出特性發(fā)生改變,相應(yīng)的功率曲線含有多個(gè)局域峰值,使常規(guī)的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤算法很難準(zhǔn)確地跟蹤到真正的最大功率點(diǎn),在分析常規(guī)最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤方法(恒定電壓法、擾動(dòng)觀測(cè)法、電導(dǎo)增量法)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)多峰值最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤方法做了比較全面的比較和分析(模糊免疫算法、粒子群優(yōu)化算法PSO等),為實(shí)現(xiàn)光伏陣列在部分遮蔽下實(shí)現(xiàn)最大MPPT設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)提供參考。
關(guān)鍵詞:光伏陣列; 多峰值;最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤;光伏發(fā)電
中圖分類號(hào):TM83 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1009-3044(2014)17-4140-03
Review of the MPPT Algorithms of Photovoltaic Array in Partial Shadow
SUN Cheng-zheng, ZHU Xiao-li, ZHAO Chun-liu
(Anhui Finance and Trade Vocational College, Hefei 230601, China)
Abstract: Photovoltaic array as the basic units of solar photovoltaic power generation system, under partially shaded conditions, its output characteristics change, power curve corresponding with multiple local peak, the maximum power point tracking algorithm routine is difficult to accurately track the maximum power point tracking method for real, in the analysis of conventional maximum power point (constant voltage , perturb & observe algorithms, incremental conductance ) based on the multi peak, maximum power point tracking method makes a comprehensive comparison and analysis (fuzzy immune algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm PSO), for the realization of PV array under partial shade under the maximum design and implementation of MPPT
Key words: photovoltaic(PV)array; Ones credentials the exercise; maximum power point tracking(MPPT); photovoltaic power generation
光伏陣列是一種直接將光能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能的能量轉(zhuǎn)換器,其輸出電壓、電流及功率容易受光照、溫度、電池結(jié)溫等影響,具有很強(qiáng)的非線性特性。當(dāng)光伏陣列受到云層、灰塵、鳥的排泄物等產(chǎn)生的局部陰影影響時(shí),其輸出特性發(fā)生改變,表現(xiàn)為P-V曲線不再是簡(jiǎn)單的單峰曲線,而是呈現(xiàn)多峰值現(xiàn)象[1]。光伏陣列的多峰值會(huì)使一般常用的最大功率跟蹤(MPPT)算法可能失效,找不到真正的最大功率點(diǎn),也會(huì)導(dǎo)致光伏陣列的輸出功率降低,其能量沒有被充分利用,效率將將會(huì)降低。因此,研究適應(yīng)局部陰影條件的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤算法,為實(shí)現(xiàn)光伏陣列在部分遮蔽下實(shí)現(xiàn)最大MPPT的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)提供理論參考。
1 光伏電池的數(shù)學(xué)模型
光伏電池利用半導(dǎo)體材料的光伏效應(yīng)制成,光伏電池組件的I-V特性隨太陽(yáng)輻照度E(W·m-2)和電池溫度(K)而變化,即I=F(U,E,T)。……