企業知識管理方式對技術創新過程和創新績效的影響研究

金昕+陳松+徐勁松

摘要：企業知識管理的方式方法多種多樣，但究竟何種知識管理方式方法對技術創新更為有效？本文首先提出了企業知識管理的四種典型方式，即知識內容積累、人際網絡構建、業務流程融合和核心能力培育。然后構建了企業“知識管理方式—技術創新過程—技術創新績效”理論框架。通過調研數據收集，運用結構方程檢驗了相關假設。結果表明企業采用人際網絡構建的知識管理方式對技術創新過程中的概念構想活動顯著正向影響最大；基于業務流程融合和知識內容積累的方式對研發生產活動表現出顯著貢獻；采用人際網絡構建和核心能力培育對驗證上市活動相對有效。最后根據研究發現，提出了提升企業技術創新績效的實踐可行路徑。

關鍵詞：知識管理方式；技術創新過程；技術創新績效；結構方程

中圖分類號：F272.4文獻標識碼：A文章編號：10035192(2014)03001506doi：10.11847/fj.33.3.15

Abstract:Enterprise has many kinds of knowledge management methods. But what kind of knowledge management method is more effective to technological innovation? Four kinds of typical approaches for enterprises knowledge management are advanced; they are knowledge content accumulation, human network building, business process integration and core competence cultivation. Then, an empirical research framework of enterprise knowledge management approachtechnological innovation processtechnological innovation performance is set up and research hypotheses are put forward. And with the data of survey questionnaires, research hypotheses are empirically checked through the structural equations. The results indicate that human network building knowledge management approach has a significant positive effect on the concept idea activities of technological innovation; business process integration and knowledge content accumulation approaches have greater positive influence on the activities of research and developmentproduction; and on the verification and listed phase, human network building and core competence cultivation approaches of knowledge management are relatively effective. Finally, based on the study, some suggestions on the improvement of enterprise technological innovation performance of practical feasible path are put forward.

Key words:knowledge management approach; technological innovation process; technological innovation performance; structural equations

1引言

伴隨著世界經濟全球化進程的加劇，技術創新復雜度日益提高，越來越多的企業意識到要想獲得技術創新的持續競爭優勢，必定離不開知識的獲取、共享、整合和應用等知識管理活動。然而，企業構建知識管理體系的效果并非都很理想，而且在成功構建知識管理體系的企業中，不同企業的技術創新績效也存在差異。這些現象表明，不同企業構建知識管理的水平存在異質性，不同的知識管理方式對企業技術創新績效的影響也存在異質性。盡管理論界對知……