創(chuàng)業(yè)行為對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)知識(shí)溢出的影響研究:關(guān)系資本的調(diào)節(jié)作用

閆華飛+胡蓓

摘要：創(chuàng)業(yè)行為促進(jìn)創(chuàng)業(yè)知識(shí)的溢出，本文通過(guò)288份問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，實(shí)證分析了創(chuàng)業(yè)行為與創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)捕捉的知識(shí)溢出、克服新進(jìn)入缺陷的知識(shí)溢出的關(guān)系作用，并引入了創(chuàng)業(yè)者關(guān)系資本作為調(diào)節(jié)變量。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：創(chuàng)業(yè)行為對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)捕捉的知識(shí)溢出、克服新進(jìn)入缺陷的知識(shí)溢出有正向影響；關(guān)系資本對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)捕捉的知識(shí)溢出有正向影響，對(duì)克服新進(jìn)入缺陷的知識(shí)溢出有負(fù)向影響；關(guān)系資本在創(chuàng)業(yè)行為與創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)捕捉的知識(shí)溢出關(guān)系中起調(diào)節(jié)作用，在創(chuàng)業(yè)行為與克服新進(jìn)入缺陷的知識(shí)溢出關(guān)系中的調(diào)節(jié)作用不顯著。

關(guān)鍵詞：創(chuàng)業(yè)行為；機(jī)會(huì)捕捉；克服新進(jìn)入缺陷；知識(shí)溢出；關(guān)系資本

中圖分類號(hào)：F272.2文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A文章編號(hào)：10035192(2014)03002106doi：10.11847/fj.33.3.21

Abstract:Entrepreneurial behavior promotes entrepreneurial knowledge spillover. The paper empirically analyses the relationships between entrepreneurial behavior and the knowledge spillover of capturing entrepreneurial opportunity, the knowledge spillover of overcoming the liability of newness, and introducing the entrepreneurs relationship capital as a moderator, through 288 questionnaires. Results show: The entrepreneurial behavior has positive impact on the knowledge spillover of capturing entrepreneurial opportunity, the knowledge spillover of overcoming the liability of newness; Relationship capital has a positive effect on the knowledge spillover of capturing entrepreneurial opportunity, and has a negative effect on the knowledge spillover of overcoming the liability of newness; Relationship capital has the moderating role between entrepreneurial behavior and the knowledge spillover of capturing entrepreneurial opportunity, and its moderating role is not significant between entrepreneurial behavior and the knowledge spillover of overcoming the liability of newness.

Key words:entrepreneurial behavior; capturing opportunity; overcoming the liability of newness; knowledge spillovers; relationship capital

1引言

創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)往往具有集聚和示范效應(yīng)，成為推動(dòng)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要力量。在一定區(qū)域內(nèi)，創(chuàng)業(yè)者的成功創(chuàng)業(yè)會(huì)催生出一批“連環(huán)創(chuàng)業(yè)者”（Serial Entrepreneur），創(chuàng)業(yè)者成功的創(chuàng)業(yè)業(yè)績(jī)，很容易被當(dāng)?shù)仄渌麧撛趧?chuàng)業(yè)者或經(jīng)營(yíng)者觀察到，根據(jù)他們的創(chuàng)業(yè)認(rèn)知，受經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的直接驅(qū)動(dòng)，當(dāng)?shù)貢?huì)出現(xiàn)一批新創(chuàng)企業(yè)，成為創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)的模仿者和追隨者，從事相關(guān)配套產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)與經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，或者在原有創(chuàng)業(yè)者創(chuàng)新基礎(chǔ)上的進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)［1］。這種模仿和追隨實(shí)質(zhì)上是創(chuàng)業(yè)知識(shí)溢出的結(jié)果。馬歇爾將這種在區(qū)域間流動(dòng)的知識(shí)喻為“產(chǎn)業(yè)空氣”，潛在創(chuàng)業(yè)者主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)地接受著產(chǎn)業(yè)空氣，積極影響著創(chuàng)業(yè)者的創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)踐。……