黃 濤,彭志宏,黃柏勝
(1.湖南師范大學附屬中學, 湖南 長沙 410006; 2.長沙市雅禮中學, 湖南 長沙 410007;
3.中南大學湘雅醫學院生理學系, 湖南 長沙 410013)
pcDNA3.1-Pax6載體的構建及其對膠質瘤細胞增殖的影響
黃濤1,彭志宏2,黃柏勝3*
(1.湖南師范大學附屬中學, 湖南 長沙 410006; 2.長沙市雅禮中學, 湖南 長沙 410007;
3.中南大學湘雅醫學院生理學系, 湖南 長沙 410013)
摘要:目的:構建pcDNA3.1-Pax6過表達質粒并觀察其對膠質瘤U251細胞增殖的影響。方法:以K562細胞cDNA為模版,采用RT-PCR的方法擴增Pax6基因,將擴增產物酶切回收后與同樣酶切回收的真核表達載體pcDNA3.1連接、轉化,構建pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒,再經菌落PCR、酶切及測序鑒定重組質粒;利用脂質體lipofectamine 2000轉染重組質粒至U251細胞。Real-time PCR檢測Pax6 mRNA的表達水平,Western blot檢測PAX6蛋白的表達,MTT法檢測U251細胞增殖。結果:PCR擴增獲得長度為1 131 bp的陽性產物,經pcDNA3.1真核表達載體克隆、酶切鑒定及序列分析后,證實真核表達質粒pcDNA3.1-Pax6構建成功;Real-time PCR結果顯示,Pax6過表達后的U251細胞Pax6 mRNA表達水平明顯高于正常對照組;Western blot結果顯示,PAX6蛋白表達亦明顯高于正常對照組,差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05);MTT結果顯示,與正常對照組細胞比較,轉染pcDNA3.1-Pax6組的細胞,細胞增殖能力明顯降低,差異亦具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論:成功構建人Pax6基因的pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒,過表達Pax6基因抑制U251細胞的增殖。
關鍵詞:Pax6基因; pcDNA3.1真核表達載體; 膠質瘤細胞; 細胞增殖
膠質瘤是臨床上常見的原發性中樞神經系統惡性腫瘤,因它具有高侵襲性,與鄰近正常腦組織無明顯分界,導致手術治療難以根除,常易復發、死亡率高。目前膠質瘤的常規治療手段如手術切除、放療、化療效果并不滿意[1],經治療后的患者的中位生存期僅有14個月左右[2-6],因此尋找膠質瘤新的治療靶點具有重要意義。研究發現,膠質瘤組織中Pax6的表達水平明顯低于正常腦組織[4,7],提示探索膠質瘤中Pax6表達降低的確切機制,有望為明確膠質瘤的侵襲性指明新思路。本研究通過構建Pax6基因的過表達pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒,利用脂質體lipofectamine 2000將pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒轉染膠質瘤U251細胞,分別檢測Pax6基因mRNA和PAX6蛋白表達情況,并初步探討Pax6基因過表達后對U251細胞增殖的影響。
1材料與方法
1.1材料
DMEM培養基(Hyclone公司),胎牛血清(杭州四季青公司),Trizol(Invitrogen公司),PCR TaqMix(廣州東盛生物公司),瓊脂糖(Spanish公司),凝膠回收試劑盒(OMEGA公司),pcDNA3.1(+)載體(Invitrogen 公司),脂質體lipofectamine2000(Invitrogen公司),核酸分子量標準(TaKaRa公司),酵母浸出粉、精解蛋白胨(Oxoid公司),質粒提取試劑盒(北京博大泰克公司),BamHI、EcoRI、T4連接酶和逆轉錄試劑盒(Fermentas公司),一抗和二抗購自Santa Cruz,K562細胞和U251細胞(上海細胞所),大腸桿菌DH5α菌株為本室保存。
1.2方法
1.2.1PCR擴增目的基因Pax6
提取培養的K562細胞RNA,逆轉錄為cDNA,再以cDNA為模版,擴增Pax6基因。擴增引物由華大基因公司合成,序列如下:Pax6-ORF-F:GGATCCATGCAGAACAGTCACAGC(下劃線為BamHI酶切位點),Pax6-ORF-R:GAATTCTTACTGTAATCTTGGCCAGT(下劃線為EcoRI酶切位點),預計PCR擴增產物大小為1 311 bp。產物以1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,凝膠成像儀拍照。
1.2.2PCR產物的回收純化、酶切與連接、轉化
將PCR產物在紫外透射儀下切膠純化,產物回收純化按瓊脂糖凝膠回收試劑盒說明書操作步驟進行;將回收純化后的產物及pcDNA3.1載體分別通過BamHI、EcoRI酶切,然后進行連接、轉化。
1.2.3陽性克隆的鑒定
采用菌落PCR法、酶切法及測序比對鑒定陽性克隆。挑取平板上長出的轉化子重懸于10 μL LB培養液中,從中取1 μL做模板進行菌落PCR鑒定;另外取經菌落PCR鑒定的陽性克隆進行抽提質粒,并對重組質粒進行雙酶切鑒定,具體操作方法按照試劑盒說明書進行;測序比對鑒定則將酶切驗證的陽性克隆菌液送武漢華大基因進行雙向測序,以此進一步證實插入片段Pax6-CDS序列的正確與否。
1.2.4Pax6表達的檢測
1.2.4.1Real-Time PCR檢測Pax6 mRNA的表達
將已經構建的pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒及pcDNA3.1空質粒分別轉染培養的膠質瘤U251細胞,在轉染72 h后分別收集各組細胞。Real-Time PCR引物,Pax6正義鏈AGACACAGCCCTCACAAAC,反義鏈ATCATAACTCCGCCCATTC,擴增產物長度為157 bp;內參β-actin正義鏈AGGGGCCGGACTCGTCATACT,反義鏈GGCGGCACCACCATGTACCCT,擴增產物長度為202 bp。
1.2.4.2Western Blot檢測PAX6蛋白的表達
在轉染72 h后用0.25%胰酶消化收集各組細胞,1 500 r/min離心去培養基;再分別用PBS重懸細胞,1 500 r/min離心去上清,細胞沉淀用于提取蛋白。取一定量總蛋白樣品進行SDS-PAGE電泳,轉移到PVDF膜上,用TBST室溫封閉1 h,分別用稀釋的PAX6或內參β-actin一抗4 ℃孵育過夜。TBST漂洗3次,加入辣根過氧化物酶標記羊抗兔IgG二抗,室溫孵育1 h。TBST 漂洗3 次,用ECL Western blot 試劑盒檢測。
1.2.5MTT檢測細胞活力
分別在轉染后0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h處理各組細胞,96孔板每孔加入5 mg/mL的MTT 20 μL(終濃度為0.5 mg/mL),孵育4 h,棄上清,每孔加入200 μL DMSO,震蕩20 min,置酶標儀570 nm處測定光密度(OD)值。以正常對照組細胞活力為100%,實驗組細胞活力按以下公式計算:細胞活力(%)=實驗組OD值/對照組OD值×100%。
1.2.6統計學方法
用SPSS16.0軟件分析實驗數據,結果以均數±標準差表示,組間兩兩單因素方差分析(one-way) 比較采用ANOVA檢驗。Real-Time PCR數值分析采用2-ΔΔCt分析法計算基因表達的相對比值,以P<0.05為有統計學意義。
2結果
2.1PCR擴增目的基因Pax6
以K562細胞cDNA為模板,PCR擴增Pax6,經1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳結果顯示,擴增的產物大小為1 131 bp,與預期大小一致(圖1)。
2.2菌落PCR鑒定
1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳結果顯示,5-8號孔有陽性條帶,即為陽性轉化子,擴增條帶大小與預計產物1 131 bp一致;1-4號孔為陰性,N孔為空白對照(圖2)。
2.3pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒的酶切鑒定
陽性克隆經BamHI/EcoRI雙酶切后,1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳可見有兩條條帶,一條與pcDNA3.1空載體大小一致,另一條與目的片段1 131 bp大小一致,說明pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒構建成功(圖3)。
2.4pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒的測序鑒定
將酶切驗證正確的陽性克隆菌液送武漢華大基因公司進行雙向測序,測序結果(圖4)證實插入片段是Pax6 CDS序列,且與模板序列比對無點突變,Pax6基因CDS序列成功插入pcDNA3.1(+)載體中,重組質粒構建成功。

M:DS2000 DNA分子量標準;1: Pax6基因的擴增產物M: DS2000 DNA ladder; 1: The amplified product of Pax6圖1 Pax6的PCR擴增Fig.1 PCR amplification of Pax6

M:DS2000 DNA分子量標準;5,6,7和8為陽性轉化子M:DS2000 DNA ladder;5,6,7 and 8 holes are positive transformants圖2 pcDNA3.1-Pax6的菌落PCR鑒定Fig.2 Identifying pcDNA3.1-Pax6 by colony PCR

M:1 kb DNA分子量標準;1:pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒酶切條帶M:1 kb DNA ladder; 1:Digested pcDNA3.1-Pax6圖3 pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒的雙酶切鑒定Fig.3 Double-enzyme digestion of pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid

圖4 pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒的序列測定Fig.4 The sequencing map of pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid
2.5Pax6 mRNA的表達
Real-time PCR結果顯示:在膠質瘤U251細胞中,轉染pcDNA3.1-Pax6過表達質粒,Pax6表達上調(P<0.05),說明用脂質體lipofectamine 2000能將外源性的Pax6轉染至U251細胞中,質粒轉染模型構建成功(圖5)。
2.6PAX6 蛋白的表達
pcDNA3.1-Pax6過表達質粒轉染U251細胞后,通過Western Blot檢測PAX6蛋白的表達,結果可見Pax6過表達后,PAX6蛋白表達量明顯增加(P<0.05),說明Pax6過表達質粒轉染U251細胞模型構建成功(圖6)。
2.7Pax6對U251細胞增殖的影響
在U251細胞中轉染pcDNA3.1-Pax6過表達質粒48 h后,MTT結果可見U251細胞的增殖能力較對照組開始降低,以72 h時增殖能力降低較顯著(P<0.05)。

Normal:對照組;pcDNA3.1:轉染pcDNA3.1空載體組;pcDNA3.1-Pax6:轉染pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒組;與對照組比較*P<0.05Normal: Normal group; pcDNA3.1: transfected with pcDNA3.1 empty vector; pcDNA3.1-Pax6: transfected with pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid; *P<0.05, vs Normal group圖5 Pax6 mRNA在U251細胞的表達Fig.5 The expression of Pax6 mRNA in U251 cells

(a)Western Blot檢測PAX6蛋白的表達 1:對照組;2:pcDNA3.1空載體組;3:pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒組; (b)PAX6蛋白的灰度掃描結果 Normal:對照組;pcDNA3.1:轉染pcDNA3.1空載體組;pcDNA3.1-Pax6:轉染pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒組;與對照組比較*P<0.05(a)The expression of PAX6 protein by Western Blot.1:Normal group; 2:pcDNA3.1 vector group; 3:pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid group;(b)The gray density results of PAX6 protein. Normal: Normal group; pcDNA3.1:transfected with pcDNA3.1 empty vector; pcDNA3.1-Pax6: transfected with pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid; *P<0.05, vs Normal group圖6 PAX6蛋白在U251細胞的表達Fig.6 The expression of PAX6 protein in U251 cells

*P<0.05, vs Normal group圖7 Pax6對U251細胞增殖的影響Fig.7 Effects of Pax6 on the proliferation of U251 cells
3討論
膠質瘤起源于膠質細胞或其前體細胞,是臨床上常見的原發性中樞神經系統惡性腫瘤,大約占顱內腫瘤的40%-50%,病人確診后5年存活率少于3%[8,9]。膠質瘤具有高侵襲性,與鄰近正常腦組織無明顯分界,使得手術治療難以根除,常易復發、死亡率高。隨著分子生物學技術的飛速發展,人們逐漸認識到惡性腫瘤實質上是一種基因疾病,其發生、發展涉及多種基因水平的改變,導致正常細胞原癌基因和抑癌基因功能改變、細胞信號傳導受阻,細胞周期紊亂、細胞凋亡受到抑制等,結果出現細胞的異常增殖、自主侵襲、血管增生等惡性表型。因此,探索膠質瘤發病機制、有效治療方法,積極開展膠質瘤的基因治療成為目前神經科學研究熱點之一。
Pax6是進化上高度保守的Pax家族成員之一,定位于11p13染色體,該基因的正常表達在多種器官發生中起著決定性作用,與眼、中樞神經系統、鼻、胰腺和內分泌腺等組織器官的發育有關,在腦中持久表達[10],它廣泛地參與細胞增殖、遷移、分化和黏附等生命活動,在不同的組織和細胞中發揮不同的功能。如Pax6在多種內分泌細胞的表達上調,對維持血糖濃度穩定和內分泌的功能穩定起著重要作用[11]。但Pax6在不同類型癌癥的生長、侵襲和血管生成中亦發揮不同的作用[12-15]。研究報道,Pax6促進人視網膜母細胞瘤細胞[16]和乳腺癌細胞[17]的增殖。抑制Pax6的表達,可通過增加Bcl-2、CDK1和PCNA的表達,降低BAX和p21的表達而促進人視網膜母細胞瘤細胞增殖,減少細胞凋亡[18];但在非小細胞肺癌A549、H1299細胞,抑制Pax6的表達,則通過抑制MAPK信號通路從而抑制癌細胞增殖及細胞周期進程[19]。然而Pax6在膠質瘤的表達水平明顯低于鄰近正常腦組織[4,7],過表達Pax6能抑制膠質瘤細胞的生長和侵襲[13,15],Pax6可能是通過抑制G1期向S期轉化而抑制細胞生長[15],或通過抑制VEGFA的表達而抑制腫瘤的生長、血管生成和轉移[20,21]。最近的研究顯示,Pax6作為microRNA-7的靶基因促進結腸直腸癌Caco-2細胞、SW480細胞的增殖[22],但Pax6作為microRNA-335的靶基因則抑制膠質瘤U251細胞、U87細胞的增殖[23]以及抑制乳腺癌MCF-7細胞的增殖[24]。
本研究中我們成功構建了Pax6基因的過表達pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒,利用脂質體lipofectamine 2000將pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒轉染至膠質瘤U251細胞,Real-Time PCR及Western Blot結果顯示Pax6 mRNA及PAX6蛋白的表達均高于未轉染組,轉染組細胞的增殖能力低于未轉染細胞組,我們的研究結果顯示過表達Pax6降低膠質瘤細胞增殖,提示Pax6基因在膠質瘤中的低表達可能是膠質瘤異常增殖、生長的原因之一。由于Pax6調控的基因眾多,而且Pax6本身又是多種microRNA的靶基因,對其調控機制尚未完全闡明,究竟Pax6基因是如何影響膠質瘤細胞的增殖、生長的,還需要作深入研究,我們構建的pcDNA3.1-Pax6重組質粒將為進一步研究Pax6基因的功能奠定實驗基礎。
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Construction of Recombination Vector of pcDNA3.1-Pax6 and the Effect ofPax6 on Proliferation of Glioma Cells
HUANGTao1,PENGZhihong2,HUANGBaisheng3*
(1.The High School Attached to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China; 2.Changsha Yali Middle School, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China; 3.Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China)
Abstract:Objective:To construct over-expression plasmid of pcDNA3.1-Pax6 and investigate its impact on proliferation of glioma U251 cells. Methods:Pax6 gene was amplified from cDNA of K562 cells using RT-PCR. The Pax6 gene was restrictively digested and recycled, and then inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1.The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-Pax6 was confirmed by colony PCR, restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into U251 cells through lipofectamine 2000. The expression of Pax6 at mRNA and protein levels after transfection was identified by Real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectivly. The U251 cell proliferation was measured by MTT. Results:The purpose gene gained from PCR amplification had length of 1131 bp. Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-Pax6 was identificated by colony PCR, enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis. Real-time PCR showed that the expression of Pax6 mRNA was increased in U251 cells transfected with Pax6 gene compared to the normal group. Western blotting results showed that PAX6 protein levels in U251 cells transfected with Pax6 gene was also over-expressed compared with the normal group (P<0.05). MTT results showed that transfection of pcDNA3.1-Pax6 inhibited the proliferation of the U251 cells compared to normal group (P<0.05). Conclusion: We successfully constructd the pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid. Over-expression of Pax6 gene could inhibit the proliferation of the U251 cells.
Key words:Pax6 gene; eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1; glioma cells; proliferation
文章編號:1007-7146(2015)06-0533-06
文獻標志碼:A
中圖分類號:R739.4
*通訊作者:黃柏勝(1966-),男,湖南永州人,博士,主要從事腦神經保護方向的研究。(手機)13975182078; (電子郵箱)huangbs2078@163.com
作者簡介:黃濤,男,湖南長沙人,湖南師范大學附屬中學。(電子郵箱)huangt20130432@163.com
基金項目:湖南省自然科學基金(2015JJ2157)
收稿日期:2015-08-28;修回日期:2015-09-30
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2015.06.008