如何做好句子的銜接

陳傳光

文章是由句子和段落構成的。在腹稿打好后，就可動筆把原來列出的要點在草稿紙上寫成句子，再連句成篇，這是最艱巨的階段，同學們要充分運用所學的相近或相似的詞語和表達法，選擇自己較熟悉或拿手的句式來表達。同時要注意語法結構尤其是動詞人稱、數和時態，避免錯誤百出、語病成堆。對于有能力上更高層次的考生，可以適當運用復合句，如賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句以及非謂語動詞，以增加文章的美感和說服力。要使自己的文章通順、流暢、層次清楚，就必須恰當地使用過渡詞語。下面就讓我們來認識一下常見的過渡詞語：

1. 表時間的過渡詞語：now， then， soon， before long， shortly after that， ...minutes later， just now， just then， suddenly， immediately， the moment， as soon as等。

【經典范例】

（1） 一天下午，一些男孩在操場上踢足球，突然有個孩子跌倒了且傷了腿。

One afternoon when some boys were playing football on the playground， one of them fell over and hurt his leg.

→One afternoon some boys were playing football on the playground when one of them fell over and hurt his leg.

→One afternoon some boys were playing football on the playground. Suddenly one of them fell over and hurt his leg.

（2） 那個年輕人一看到孩子在水里掙扎，他就跳進河里，五分鐘后孩子得救了。

When the young man saw a child struggling in the river， he jumped into the water immediately. Five minutes later， the child was saved.

→The young man jumped into the water as soon as he saw a child struggling in the river. After five minutes， the child was saved.

→The moment the young man saw a child struggling in the river， he jumped into the water and saved the child in five minutes.

2. 表順序及過程的過渡詞語：first（ly）， first of all， second（ly）， at first， then， next， at last， finally等。

【經典范例】

（1） 每天早晨我起床后有很多事要做，首先刷牙、洗臉，接著讀書，最后吃飯。

I have a lot of things to do after I get up every morning. First I brush my teeth， wash my face， then do some reading， at last / finally have breakfast.

→I have a lot of things to do after I get up every morning. Firstly， I brush my teeth， wash my face， secondly do some reading， finally have breakfast.

（2） 下午課后我們要進行大掃除。首先我們把教室打掃一下，然后把門窗擦一下。

Well have a good cleaning after class this morning. First of all lets clean our classroom， and then well clean windows and doors.

3. 表轉折和讓步的過渡詞語：but， （and） yet， instead， however， although， though， otherwise， or else， in spite of等。

【經典范例】

（1） 爸爸雖然很忙，但他總是樂于幫我學英語。

Though / Although my father is very busy， he always likes to help me with my English.

→Though / Although my father is very busy， yet he always likes to help me with my English.

→My father is very busy， however， he always likes to help me with my English.

（2） 盡管他是個孩子，但他知道很多。

Though he is a child， he knows a lot.

→He is a child， but he knows a lot.

4. 表結果和原因的過渡詞語：thus， therefore， so， so...that， so that， as a result， （un）fortunately， because等。

【經典范例】

（1） 我認為學好英語很重要，因為世界上許多國家都使用它。

I think it is important to study English well because it is used in many countries in the world.

→English is spoken in many countries in the world， so I think it is important to study it well.

（2） 我的語文老師夜以繼日地工作，結果病了。

My Chinese teacher works day and night. As a result， he gets ill.

→My Chinese teacher gets ill because he works day and night.

5. 表強調的過渡詞語：first of all， above all， indeed， surely， of course， after all， at least， at most等。

【經典范例】

（1） 患難見真情。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

（2） 那孩子不能上學，畢竟他才5歲。

The child isnt old enough to go to school. After all he is only five.

6. 表遞進的過渡詞語：besides， whats more， in addition， even， once more， what was worse等。

【經典范例】

（1） 爸爸是一個非常懶的人，在家根本不幫媽媽做家務，而且喜歡喝酒、打牌。

My father is a very lazy man. He doesnt help mother do housework at home at all. Whats more， he likes drinking and playing cards.

（2） 昨天放學后，天下著大雨。更糟糕的是，我沒帶雨傘。

It was raining hard after school yesterday. What was more， I had no umbrella with me.

7. 表解釋和說明的過渡詞語：in other words， that is to say， for example， and so on， such as， in ones opinion， believe it or not， to tell you the truth， according to this， for this reason等。

【經典范例】

（1） 北京有許多名勝，如長城、故宮和頤和園等。

There are many places of interest in Beijing， such as the Great Wall， the Palace Museum， and the Summer Palace and so on.

（2） 小明比班里任何一個學生都努力。換句話說，他是班里最用功的學生。

Xiao Ming works harder than any other student in his class. In other words， he works hardest in his class.

8. 表總結的過渡詞語：finally， in conclusion， in a word， in general， generally speaking， in short， as you / we know， in the end， in all等。

【經典范例】

（1） 你知道，在我的老師幫助下，我在學習方面取得了很大進步。

As you know， with the help of my teachers， Ive made great progress in my studies.

（2） 總之，在業余時間幫助父母做些家務是很必要的。

In a word， it is necessary to help our parents do some housework in our spare time.