柳辰昊,譚志軍(天津醫科大學一中心臨床學院,天津300070;天津市第一中心醫院)
結腸癌組織及細胞中miR-92a的表達變化及其意義
柳辰昊1,譚志軍2
(1天津醫科大學一中心臨床學院,天津300070;2天津市第一中心醫院)
摘要:目的觀察結腸癌組織及結腸癌細胞中miR-92a表達變化,并探討其臨床意義。方法①選擇Ⅱ期合并高危因素及Ⅲ期結腸癌患者75例為研究對象,采用實時熒光定量PCR方法和2(-ΔΔCt)法測算結腸癌組織miR-92a的相對表達量,分析miR-92a相對表達量與患者臨床病理參數的關系。②取常規培養的結腸癌細胞株HT-29接種于96孔板,設實驗組、陰性對照組、脂質體組和對照組,各3個復孔。實驗組轉染miR-92a抑制劑,陰性對照組轉染對照寡核苷酸,脂質體組轉染脂質體,對照組不作任何處理,轉染后檢測miR-92a表達以驗證轉染效果,轉染次日細胞貼壁生長后加50 μg/mL奧沙利鉑作用24 h,分別在24、48、72 h加入10 μL CCK-8溶液,37℃孵育2 h,在酶標儀上讀取各組波長為450nm處的吸光度(A)值。轉染48 h后加50 μg/mL奧沙利鉑作用24 h,采用TUNEL法測算各組細胞凋亡率。結果結腸癌組織中miR-92a相對表達量顯著高于癌旁正常組織。結腸癌組織中miR-92a的表達水平與患者性別、年齡、腫瘤部位、浸潤深度、有無淋巴結轉移、脈管癌栓和病理分化程度無關(P均>0.05),與術后局部復發及發生遠處轉移有關(P<0.05)。HT-29細胞轉染后24、48、72 h實驗組A值均低于其余三組(P均<0.05),細胞凋亡率高于其余三組(P均<0.05)。結論結腸癌組織中miR-92a表達水平升高。結腸癌患者術后局部復發及遠處轉移與結腸癌組織中miR-92a相對表達量有關。抑制結腸癌細胞中miR-92a表達可增加結腸癌細胞化療敏感性。
關鍵詞:結腸癌; miR-92a蛋白;奧沙利鉑;細胞凋亡
進展期結腸癌的治療應以根治性手術為基礎,但單純根治術后局部復發轉移率很高,所以應在手術的基礎上予以輔助化療,對于化療療效的預測就應甄別出具有高危局部復發及遠處轉移患者。microRNA是近年來發現的含有22~28個核苷酸的小分子非編碼單鏈RNA,參與腫瘤的發生、發展和侵襲過程。有體外實驗顯示拮抗miR-92a可以引起結腸癌細胞凋亡。2014年3月~2014年12月,我們通過熒光定量PCR技術檢測結腸癌根治術后患者腫瘤組織中miR-92a的表達,探討其與臨床病理特征的關系,并觀察轉染miR-92a抑制劑對奧沙利鉑處理的結腸癌細胞株HT-29細胞增殖及凋亡的影響。現報告如下。
1.1臨床資料收集天津市第一中心醫院2010~2012年行結腸癌根治術切除的癌組織及癌旁正常組織標本75例,均經病理證實。75例患者中男52例,女23例,年齡45~78歲,平均62.3歲。腫瘤分化程度:低分化15例,中分化52例,高分化8例。根據美國癌癥聯合委員會(AJCC)以及國際抗癌協會(UICC)結腸癌分期系統進行臨床分期,T3期15例,T4期60例,無淋巴結轉移57例,有淋巴結轉移18例,均無肝肺等遠處轉移。
1.2材料及引物結腸癌細胞株HT-29由天津危重癥實驗室提供,胎牛血清、培養液購自美國Gibco公司,miRNA小量提取試劑盒(MiRNeasy Mini Kit)購于德國Qiagen公司,逆轉錄試劑盒(和實時逆轉錄聚合酶鏈反應試劑盒(SYBR Premix Ex TaqⅡkit)購于日本TaKaRa公司,轉染試劑Lipofectamine 2000購自美國Invitrogen公司TUNEL試劑盒為Roche公司產品,CCK-8試劑盒購自武漢博士德公司。基因引物由上海Invitrogen公司合成,引物序列: U6上游引物序列: 5'-CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA-3',下游引物序列5'-AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT-3'; miR-92a上游引物序列5'-ACAGGCCGGGACAAGTGCAATA-3',下游引物序列5'-GCTGTCAACGATACGCTACGTAACG-3'。
1.3結腸癌組織miR-92a相對表達量檢測采用RT-PCR法。取-80℃保存的新鮮組織標本,于液氮中研磨至粉末狀,按照歐米伽公司試劑說明書提取總RNA。紫外分光光度計檢測RNA純度,A260/A280比值大于1.8的標本用于檢測miRNA,1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測RNA完整性。反轉錄反應:總RNA量為1 μg,反轉錄體系為20 μL,U6為內參,步驟按說明書進行,反應條件: 16℃5 min,42℃60 min,82℃5 min,反應所得cDNA產物于-20℃保存。實時定量PCR反應體系為20 μL,步驟參照說明書進行,反應條件: 95℃5 min,94℃30 s,60℃20 s,72℃20 s,共40個循環。每個樣品做3個復孔,PCR產物經3%的瓊脂糖凝膠電泳分析,樣品中熒光信號達到儀器設定的閾值的循環數即為Ct值。采用2-ΔΔCt法計算miR-92a在組織中的相對表達量,其中ΔΔCt=腫瘤組織ΔCt-癌旁正常組織ΔCt腫瘤組織CtmiR-92a-腫瘤組織CtU6。癌旁正常組織ΔCt=癌旁正常組織CtmiR-92a-癌旁正常組織CtU6。
1.4HT-29細胞轉染miR-92a抑制劑后對奧沙利鉑敏感性的影響HT-29細胞接種于含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培養基中,置于37℃、5% CO2培養箱中,飽和濕度下傳代培養。設實驗組、陰性對照組、脂質體組和空白組。實驗組轉染miR-92a抑制劑,陰性對照組轉染對照寡核苷酸,脂質體組轉染脂質體,空白組不作任何處理,轉染前1 d根據實驗需要細胞鋪板,轉染根據說明書操作,轉染后6 h換液,進行后續實驗。①取上述分組細胞分別接種于96孔板(3 000~5 000個細胞、100 μL/孔,每組設3個復孔),過夜貼壁后加入奧沙利鉑處理,濃度為50 μg/mL,作用24 h后,分別在24、48、72 h時間點加入10 μL CCK-8溶液在37℃孵育2 h,在酶標儀上讀取各組吸光度(A)值,測定波長450 nm。②4組細胞轉染后48 h用奧沙利鉑作用24 h,PBS漂洗載玻片,干燥樣本。滴加50 μL TUNEL反應液到樣本上,濕盒中37℃孵育60 min。PBS漂洗后,在熒光顯微鏡(激發波長488 nm,發射波長550 nm)下分析結果。
1.5統計學方法采用SPSS19.0統計軟件。本研究中miR-92a表達水平資料為非正態分布,采用非參數Wilcoxon符號秩和檢驗來比較組間差異。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
相對于癌旁正常組織,miR-92a在結腸癌組織中的相對表達量為(3.57±14.15)。本組患者臨床病理參數與miR-92a表達量的關系見表1。由表1可見,miR-92a相對表達量與結腸癌患者術后局部復發及遠處轉移有關,與患者年齡、性別、腫瘤部位、腫瘤浸潤深度、淋巴結轉移、有無脈管癌栓及腫瘤分化程度無關,P均>0.05。
表1 miR-92a表達與結腸癌臨床病理參數的關系(±s)
臨床病理參數 n miR-92a相對表達量性別男52 3.3±2.7 女23 3.8±2.1年齡(歲) >50 49 3.4±2.7 <50 26 2.8±2.1腫瘤部位左半結腸 33 3.1±2.5右半結腸 42 3.7±2.7 T分期T3 15 3.3±1.5 T4 60 3.9±1.4 N分期57 3.5±1.3 N1+ N2 18 3.7±2.2脈管癌栓有25 3.6±2.9 無50 3.2±1.3分化程度高中分化 60 3.3±2.1低分化 15 3.4±2.2術后有無局部復發及遠處轉移有 32 4.0±2.8 無N0 43 2.2±1.5
各組培養24、48、72 h后細胞增殖情況及細胞凋亡率見表2。由表2可見,實驗組培養后24、48、72 hA值均高于其余三組(P均<0.05),細胞凋亡率高于其余三組(P均<0.05)。
表2 各組大鼠培養24、48、72 h后細胞增殖情況及細胞凋亡率比較(±s)
注:實驗組相比,*P<0.05。
組別 24 h后A值48 h后A值72 h后A值72 h后凋亡率(%)空白組 0.625±0.062*1.458±0.063*1.876±0.056*13.9±3.2*脂質體組 0.633±0.047*1.463±0.078*1.823±0.025*14.5±3.4*陰性對照組 0.604±0.038*1.345±0.015*1.798±0.064*11.8±4.5*實驗組 0.434±0.035 1.056±0.022 1.224±0.035 34.5±4.6
miRNA是一類內源性表達的長度為17~25個核苷酸的非編碼小分子RNA,主要通過與靶基因3'端非編碼區發生不完全配對,從而抑制靶基因mRNA翻譯,參與調控個體發育、細胞凋亡、細胞增殖和分化等生命活動,與腫瘤的發生、轉移、耐藥等病理進程密切相關。已證實,miRNA在組織和細胞中的表達有顯著的腫瘤相關性、組織特異性和表達穩定性。結腸癌細胞中特異性miRNA過表達或沉默與結腸癌的發展、腫瘤細胞的轉移及耐藥性有關。
miR-92a作為miR-17-92簇的重要成員,在多種腫瘤中存在異常表達[1~5],并與腫瘤的發生發展以及腫瘤細胞的增殖和凋亡相關[6~10]。同時,腫瘤細胞中miR-92a高表達與化療耐藥及不良預后相關[11]。結腸癌患者血漿和組織中miR-92a顯著高表達,術后血漿miR-92a水平降低,檢測血漿miR-92a水平有助于預判結腸癌的治療效果和復發情況[12~15]。結腸癌患者大便中也可檢測到miR-92a的高表達[16],檢測大便中miR-92a有助于鑒別進展期腺瘤、結腸癌和正常人[17]。在結腸癌患者中miR-92a高表達與較晚的分期、淋巴結及遠處轉移和不良預后相關[18,19]。拮抗miR-92a可以引起結腸癌細胞的凋亡[20]。這些證據表明miR-92a在結腸癌發展中起到了重要的作用。
本研究結果證實,結腸癌患者腫瘤組織標本中miR-92a的表達高于癌旁正常黏膜組織,且腫瘤組織中miR-92a的高表達與術后局部復發及遠處復發相關,與患者年齡、性別、腫瘤大小、部位、浸潤深度、淋巴結轉移、分期、脈管有無癌栓、分化程度無關。凋亡是化療藥物發揮細胞毒性的最初作用形式。文獻報道,結腸癌患者血漿及切除腫瘤組織標本中miR-92a呈高表達,與化療后反應不良及較短的生存期相關,我們推測miR-92a與結腸癌細胞耐藥相關,拮抗miR-92a的表達可增加結腸癌細胞凋亡率,抑制增殖,進而增加化療藥物的敏感性。
miR-92a發揮生物學作用的具體生物學機制目前還不完全明確。miR-92a基因位于13q13。有研究[21]表明miR-17-92簇可以促進腫瘤細胞增殖、抑制凋亡,促進腫瘤血管形成,加速腫瘤發展進程。Niu等[22]發現miR-92a在膠質瘤細胞中通過靶向BCL2L11家族中Bim蛋白抑制細胞的凋亡。Tsuchida等[23]發現miR-92a可以通過靶向Bcl-2家族促進結腸癌組織中癌細胞的凋亡。Zhang等[24]發現miR-92a通過靶向PTEN促進結腸癌細胞株SW480的增殖、侵襲及轉移。單個miRNA的靶基因可能有多個,而且在不同腫瘤細胞中通過不同的信號通路發生作用,也有可能幾個miRNA共同作用發揮癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,其具體分子生物學機制還需實驗進一步闡明。
綜上所述,miR-92a在結腸癌組織中顯著高表達,與術后局部復發及遠處轉移密切相關,降低miR-92a的表達可以增加結腸癌細胞化療藥敏性,預示著miR-92a可能成為化療療效的預測標記物或成為分子治療的靶點,關于miR-92a發揮作用的分子學機制及其是否可以作為結腸癌患者的預測標志物有待進一步研究闡明。
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Expression changes of miR-92a in colon cancer tissues and cells and its significance
YANG Chen-hao,TAN Zhi-jun
(The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China)
Abstract:Objective To observe the expression changes in levels of miR-92a in the colon cancer tissues and cells and to explore its clinical significance.Methods①The relative expression levels of miR-92a in the tissues of 75 patients with stagesⅡwith high risk factors or stagesⅢcolon cancer was detected by real-time q-PCR and was calculated by using the equation 2(-ΔΔCt),and its association with clinicopathological parameter was evaluated.②HT-29 cells were plated onto 96-well plates and were divided into the experimental group,negative control group,liposome group and control group,each group set up three holes.The experimental group was transfected with miR-92a inhibitor,the negative control group was transfected with miR-92a negative control oligonucleotide,and liposome group was transfected liposome.We detected the expression changes of miR-92a to evaluated the effects of transfection.Then the cells were treated with 50μg/mL oxaliplatin for 24 h,and at different time points (24,48 and72 h),the culture medium was removed and replaced with culture medium containing 10 μL CCK-8 solution.After incubation at 37℃for 2 h,the absorbance at 450 nm on each well was measured by an enzyme immunoassay analyzer.After the transfection for 48 h and being treated by oxaliplatin for 24 h,the apoptosis rate was detected and measured by TUNEL.Results The expression of miR-92a was significantly higher than that of the normal adjacent mucosa.The expression of miR-92a was not related with gender,age,tumor location,depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,cancer embolus or tissue differentiation (all P>0.05),but was related with local recurrence and distant metastases (P<0.05).The experimental groups'A value of HT-29 were lower and the apoptosis rate was higher as compared with that of the other three group at different time points (24,48 and 72 h) after transfectionbook=21,ebook=483(all P<0.05).Conclusions The expression of miR-92a in the colon cancer tissues is increased.The relative expression of miR-92a in the colon cancer tissues is related with local recurrence and distant metastases.Suppressing the expression of miR-92a can increase the chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells.
Key words:colonic carcinoma; miR-92a protein; oxaliplatin; apoptosis
(收稿日期:2015-03-12)
通信作者簡介:譚志軍(1972-),男,博士,主任醫師,研究方向為胃腸腫瘤的基礎與臨床。E-mail: zhijuntan2013@163.com
作者簡介:第一柳辰昊(1988-),男,在讀研究生,研究方向為胃腸腫瘤。E-mail: liuchenh1988@163.com
基金項目:天津市衛生局科技基金資助項目(2013ZK023)。
文章編號:1002-266X(2015)22-0020-04
文獻標志碼:A
中圖分類號:R735.3
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.22.006