摘 要: 圍繞如何提高無線自組織網絡(Ad Hoc)吞吐量,相對于傳統基于碼率控制機制,提出基于傳輸功率和傳輸碼率聯合控制的方法,研究了基于物理層純ALOHA協議的Ad Hoc網絡在不同傳輸功率和傳輸碼率條件下的容量,構建多碼率控制Ad Hoc數學模型,討論模型中不同參數的具體計算方法,通過對鏈路增益函數的簡化近似,計算并修正了網絡吞吐量的表達式。分別對含有200個節點和100個節點的Ad Hoc網絡進行OPNET仿真,結果表明理論與仿真曲線十分接近,證明建立的系統模型很好地反映了網絡吞吐量隨傳輸功率的變化關系。
關鍵詞: 網絡吞吐量; 功率優化; 多碼率控制; Ad Hoc
中圖分類號: TN929.5?34 文獻標識碼: A 文章編號: 1004?373X(2015)09?0009?03
Scheme for Ad Hoc transmission power optimization based on code rate control
GE Liang1, WU Cheng?qian2, WU Dan3, YANG Mao?fan1
(1. Unit 93197 of PLA, Shenyang 110044, China; 2. Unit 93886 of PLA, Urumqi 830000, China; 3. Unit 93246 of PLA, Changchun 130000, China)
Abstract:To improve the network throughput of Ad Hoc, corresponding to the traditional code rate control method, the combined control method based on transmission power and transmission code rate is proposed. The capacity of Ad Hoc network under the conditions of different transmission power and transmission code rate based on the pure ALOHA protocol of the physical layer is discussed. The Ad Hoc mathematical model with multi?code rate control is built. The calculating method of the parameters in model is discussed. The expression of the network throughput is calculated and revised by simplification and approximation of the link gain function. OPNET simulation for Ad Hoc network with 200 nodes and 100 nodes was performed separately. The result indicates that the simulation curves are close to the theoretic curves, and proves that the system model can reflect the aviation of the network throughput with the transmission power quite well.
Keywords: network throughput; power optimization; variable code rate control; Ad Hoc
0 引 言
作為無中心、自組織的對等網絡,無線自組織網絡(Ad Hoc)已經廣泛應用于音視頻傳輸等各種系統中[1]。Ad Hoc對網絡吞吐量要求較高,而傳輸功率、傳輸碼率、干擾以及空間復用等多種因素影響網絡吞吐量[2?3],因此,研究這些參數的優化問題可以有效提高Ad Hoc網絡吞吐量。
目前,已經有許多關于Ad Hoc優化傳輸功率算法的研究。隨著多級調制技術和編碼速率控制技術的發展,碼率控制機制被認為是一種提高Ad Hoc吞吐量的行之有效方法,然而,通過對傳輸功率和傳輸碼率聯合控制來提高Ad Hoc網絡吞吐量的研究還比較少。
2 性能分析
考慮一個Ad Hoc網絡,有200個節點隨機均勻分布在100 m×100 m的正方形區域內,對其進行OPNET性能仿真分析,仿真參數設置如表1所示。
節點傳輸范圍即代表傳輸功率,圖1實際上表示的是Ad Hoc網絡吞吐量隨節點傳輸功率的變化關系。從圖1中可以看出,理論與仿真曲線十分接近;隨著節點傳輸功率的增大,網絡吞吐量先增加到某個最大值,然后逐漸減小。這個結果可以解釋為:當節點傳輸功率低于某個門限值時,傳輸碼率越大,網絡吞吐量越大;當節點傳輸功率高于這個門限值時,隨著碼率的增大,網絡中的干擾越來越大,導致吞吐量降低。圖1給出的結果表明,建立的網絡吞吐量模型能夠較好地反映網絡吞吐量與節點傳輸功率的關系。
對網絡中含有100個節點的情況,在相同仿真參數設置條件下進行仿真分析,得到的仿真數值如表2所示。
表2 仿真數值結果
[節點個數\理論最優傳輸范圍 /m\仿真最優傳輸范圍 /m\100\10.87\11.31\200\7.14\7.99\]
從表2可以看出,使網絡吞吐量最大化的優化傳輸范圍隨著網絡節點密度的變化而變化,當網絡中節點數過多時,傳輸范圍會降低。
3 結 論
本文研究了多碼速率控制下的Ad Hoc網絡吞吐量與傳輸功率的變化關系,圍繞如何提高Ad Hoc網絡吞吐量,建立了數學分析模型,對不同傳輸功率和傳輸碼率進行優化,詳細計算并修正了網絡吞吐量表達式,通過OPNET仿真,得到了網絡吞吐量隨傳輸距離(即傳輸功率)的變化關系,討論了優化傳輸距離與網絡節點密度關系,仿真結果驗證了本文提出數學模型的正確性。本文得出的結論對Ad Hoc網絡優化設計具有一定借鑒意義。
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