北京市作物秸稈利用現(xiàn)狀及可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究

趙春

摘 要：為了明確農(nóng)村種植業(yè)廢棄物的種類和數(shù)量，為農(nóng)作物秸稈的綜合利用提供參考，對北京市農(nóng)作物秸稈資源進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查，研究了各地區(qū)的秸稈資源量及利用現(xiàn)狀，根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展趨勢對作物秸稈資源的分布特點以及利用途徑進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明，2012年北京地區(qū)農(nóng)作物秸稈主要是玉米和小麥，占全部秸稈產(chǎn)量的94.9%，秸稈利用主要以秸稈還田為主。除家庭燃用、秸稈還田以及養(yǎng)畜等用途外，北京仍有10%的剩余秸稈資源。通過分析農(nóng)作物秸稈的綜合利用價值以及利用過程中存在的問題，提出了北京郊區(qū)作物秸稈綜合利用的建議和對策。

關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)作物秸稈；利用方式；北京

中圖分類號：S19 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 論文編號：2014-0839

Utilization Status of Crop Straws and Sustainable Development in Beijing

Zhao Chun

（Dongying Vocational College， Dongying 257091， Shandong， China）

Abstract： In order to well understand the varieties and quantities of the waste from crop farming and provide reference for the comprehensive utilization of crops straw， the crop straw resource of Beijing was detailed surveyed， the crop straw resource and utilization status was obtained， and characteristics of its distribution and utilization status were analyzed according to the economic development status. The results showed that main crop straw resource was corn and wheat， accounting for 94.9% in the whole province. The utilization of crop straw was main return to field. In 2012， there are more than 10% straw resources were remaining， apart from the amount deducted for the competitive usages such as cooking and heating of rural residents， return to field and used as forage. This paper explored the utilization value and existent problems of comprehensive utilization of crop straw， put forward some suggestions and countermeasures for the development of comprehensive utilization technique of crop straw in Beijing suburbs.

Key words： Crops Straw； Utilization； Beijing

0 引言

中國是一個典型的農(nóng)業(yè)國家，有著豐富的秸稈資源，作物秸稈是農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中的一項重要生物質(zhì)資源。近年來，一些城市郊區(qū)和糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速，加之秸稈的分布零散、體積大、收集運(yùn)輸成本高、利用的經(jīng)濟(jì)性差和產(chǎn)業(yè)化程度低等，導(dǎo)致剩余秸稈處理難[1-2]。研究農(nóng)作物秸稈的綜合利用不僅能夠改善農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境、促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，同時對提高清潔能源的比重、增加資源化再利用率也大有裨益[3-4]。趙荷娟等[5]通過調(diào)查研究分析了南京市農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用存在的問題，提出了相應(yīng)的發(fā)展建議；戴志剛等[6]對中國2009年主要農(nóng)作物秸稈產(chǎn)量、養(yǎng)分總量進(jìn)行評估，同時對秸稈還田配套措施進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。……