Module 4 Which English？

詞匯短語園地

1. instantly adv. 立即，馬上

He has an instantly recognisable face.

他長著一副一眼就能認出來的面孔。

instantly conj. 一……就……

Tell me instantly he arrives.

他一到達就告訴我。

2. count v. 很重要；很有價值

His opinions count because of his experience.

因為他有經驗，所以他的意見很重要。

It/That doesn’t count.

那不算數/那不重要。

count on/upon = rely on 依賴；依靠；期待；指望

You can’t always count on the help from others.

你不能總是指望別人的幫助。

3. debate n. 討論；辯論

A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.

一場圍繞著減稅的辯論正在激烈地進行中。

debate v. 討論；爭論

Whether he deserves what has happened to him is open to debate.

他是否罪有應得還有待于討論。

（1） have/hold a debate on/over/about... 舉行一場關于……的辯論

（2） under debate 在討論中

The whole question is still under debate.

整個問題還在討論之中。

（3） debate sth with sb 與某人討論某事

（4） debate on/over/about 就……辯論

4. acquire v. 得到，獲得

She acquired a good knowledge of English by careful study.

她通過認真學習精通了英語。

She has acquired a taste for bananas recently.

她最近開始喜歡吃香蕉了。

辨析：

比較gain，acquire，earn和achieve

（1） gain指“收獲；獲得（有用或必需的東西）”。可以用于體重、力量的增加，獎學金的獲得，更常用于經驗、知識、教育、滿足等的獲得。

（2） acquire指“購得，得到（尤指昂貴的或難以得到的東西）”；“獲得，掌握（知識、技能等）”。

（3） earn指“取得；賺得”。通常指通過工作掙錢，也可以用于應該得到的東西，如支持、認同、聲望或尊敬。

（4） achieve指“得到，獲得”。多指成就、目標、幸福的取得。

5. convinced adj. 確信的，信服的

搭配：

be convinced of sth/that... 堅信某事/確信……

I am convinced of her innocence.

我堅信她是無辜的。

I was convinced that we were doing the right thing.

我確信我們做的事情是正確的。

（1） convince v. 使相信；使確信

1） convince sb of sth 使某人信服某事

You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.

你要使他們相信你殷切希望得到這份工作。

2） convince sb to do sth 說服/勸說某人做某事

What convinced you to vote for them？

究竟是什么使得你愿意投他們的票？

（2） convincing adj. 有說服力的；令人信服的

His idea was not convincing. At last I convinced him to change his mind.

他的觀點沒有說服力，最終我說服他改變了主意。

6. convey v. 傳達，傳遞

搭配：

convey sth to sb 向某人傳達某事

Please convey my apologies to your wife.

請向你的妻子轉達我的歉意。

convey v. 表達；輸送

I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.

我覺得難以用言語表達我的感情。

A taxi conveyed us to the train station.

出租車將我們載到火車站。

7. betray v. 對……不忠；辜負

She felt betrayed when she found out the truth about him.

她發現他的真實情況后，感到受了欺騙。

She betrayed his trust over and over again.

她一次又一次地辜負了他的信任。

betray v. 出賣；泄露

He was offered money to betray his colleagues.

有人收買他出賣他的同事。

For years they had been betraying state secrets to Russia.

他們多年來一直在向俄羅斯泄露國家機密。

betray a secret to sb 向某人泄露秘密

betray one’s trust 辜負某人的信任

betray oneself 暴露本來的的面目

8. oppose v. 反對

搭配：

（1） oppose （doing） sth 反對（做）某事

He opposed adopting the new bill at the meeting.

在會議上他反對采納新議案。

He opposed the proposal to build another new church.

他反對再建一座新教堂的建議。

（2） be opposed to （doing） sth 反對（做）某事

We are opposed to any action that does great harm to the environment.

我們反對任何嚴重破壞環境的行為。

Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working a lot of overtime.

大多數公司老板說，他們反對雇員頻繁加班。

9. resist v. 反抗；抵抗

He is in good health； he is able to resist diseases.

他身體健康，能抵抗疾病。

resist還可表示“忍耐；忍住”，常用于否定句。

She could hardly resist laughing.

她忍不住笑起來。

（1） resistance n. 反抗；抵抗；抵抗力

make some/no resistance 進行/不抵抗

（2） resistant adj. 抵抗的；抵制的

be resistant to 抵抗……；抵制……

The club is resistant to any form of change.

該俱樂部反對任何形式的變革。

10. approval n. 贊許；贊成

She desperately wanted to win her father’s approval.

她急不可待地想贏得她父親的贊同。

approval還可表示“批準，認可”。

I can’t agree to anything without my partner’s approval.

沒有合伙人的認可我什么也不能答應。

（1） with the approval of... 經……的批準

（2） in approval 同意地，支持地

（3） give （one’s） approval 給予批準

（4） meet with one’s approval 得到某人的贊許/認可

11. tell...apart 區分開

The twins are much too alike. I can’t tell them apart.

這對雙胞胎長得太像了，我分不清他們誰是誰。

（1） tell...from... 把……和……區分開來

Can you tell Tom from his twin brother？

你能分得出湯姆和他的孿生弟弟嗎？

（2） take...apart 把……拆開

It is easy to take apart a clock but it is difficult to resemble it.

拆鐘容易，重裝難。

12. as long as 只要（引導條件狀語從句）

You can go out to play as long as you stay in the back yard.

只要不出后院，你可以出去玩。

so long as/on condition that... 只要……

13. lie in 在于

His success lies in his hard work.

他的成功在于勤奮工作。

14. in conclusion 總之

In conclusion， I can’t thank you enough.

總之，我真是太感謝你了。

（1） reach/draw a conclusion 得出結論；下結論

（2） come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出結論

15. get down to sth/doing sth 開始（做）某事

Let’s get down to doing something meaningful.

讓我們做點有意義的事情吧。

（1） get across 越過；（使）被了解

（2） get rid of 擺脫；處理

（3） get through 通過（考試）；接通（電話）

16. let sb down 使某人失望

Please come and support me. Don’t let me down.

請來支持我，別讓我失望。

（1） let alone 不干涉；不管；更不用說

（2） let into 讓……進入

（3） let out 放走；發出（叫聲等）；泄露（秘密等）

跟蹤導練（一）

閱讀理解

While there are certainly many more varieties of English， American and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most English programs. Generally， it is agreed that no one version is “correct”. However， there are certainly preferences in use. The most important thing is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use the American English spellings then be consistent in your spelling （i.e. The color of the orange is also its flavour—color is an American spelling and flavour is British）. This is of course not always easy—or possible. The following guide is meant to point out two differences between these two varieties of English.

Use of the Present Perfect

In British English the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an effect on the present moment. For example：

I’ve lost my key. Can you help me look for it？

In American English the following is also possible：

I lost my key. Can you help me look for it？

In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However， both forms are generally accepted in standard American English.

Possession

There are two forms to express possession in English： have or have got.

Do you have a car？

Have you got a car？

While both forms are correct （and accepted in both British and American English）， “have got” （have you got， he hasn’t got， etc.） is generally the preferred form in British English while most speakers of American English employ “have” （do you have， he doesn’t have， etc.）.

As you can see， there are really very few differences between standard British English and standard American English. However， the largest difference is probably that of the choice of vocabulary and pronunciation.

1. By saying “no one version is ‘correct’” in Paragraph 1， what does the writer mean？

A. Every English variety is perfect.

B. There is no best English variety.

C. Every English variety has its problems.

D. There is no absolutely correct English variety.

2. English learners are advised to use ___ .

A. one English varietyB. easy English varieties

C. the best English varietyD. different English varieties

3. If you prefer American English， you’ll most probably say “ ___ ”.

A. He hasn’t got any friends.

B. Do you have an MP5 player？

C. Have you got an MP5 player？

D. Has she really got an iPhone 6？

4. What differences between American English and British English are discussed in the text？

A. Pronunciation differences.B. Vocabulary differences.

C. Grammar differences.D. Spelling differences.

完形填空

Coming home from school that dark winter day so long ago， I was filled with excitement of having the weekend off. But I was

1 into stillness by what I saw. Mother was seated at the far end of the sofa， 2 ， with the second-hand green typewriter on the table. She told me that she couldn’t 3 fast and then she was out of work. My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tears was a perfect proof （證據） of how 4 I understood the pressures on her. “I guess we all have to 5 sometimes，” Mother said quietly. I could 6 her pain and the tension of 7 the strong feelings that were interrupted by my 8 . Suddenly， something inside me lit up. I 9 out and put my arms around her. She broke then. She put her face 10 my shoulder and sobbed. I held her

11 and didn’t try to talk. I knew I was doing what I should， what I could and that it was enough. At that moment， feeling mother’s 12 with feelings， I understood for the first time， her being so easy to 13 . She was still my mother， 14 she was something 15 ， a person having the ability of bearing fear，

16 and failure. I could feel her pain as she must have felt mine on a thousand occasions when I sought 17 in her arms.

A week later mother took a job selling dry goods at half the salary the radio station 18 . “It’s a job I can do， though，” she said simply. But the evening practice on the old green typewriter continued. I had a very 19 feeling now when I passed her door at night and heard her tapping away across the 20 . I knew there was something more going on in there than a woman learning to type.

1. A. fooledB. trickedC. puzzledD. shocked

2. A. cryingB. restingC. thinkingD. whispering

3. A. writeB. typeC. speakD. finish

4. A. eagerlyB. worriedlyC. littleD. adequately

5. A. failB. regretC. forgiveD. forget

6. A. learnB. watchC. senseD. recognize

7. A. holding backB. putting awayC. sitting upD. stopping from

8. A. attitudeB. attemptC. arrivalD. attraction

9. A. foundB. workedC. reachedD. ran

10. A. toB. upC. throughD. against

11. A. thoughtfullyB. tightlyC. carefullyD. politely

12. A. foreheadB. faceC. hairD. back

13. A. controlB. breakC. fallD. understand

14. A. soB. orC. yetD. though

15. A. moreB. excellentC. strangeD. huge

16. A. woundB. prideC. successD. hurt

17. A. kindnessB. memoryC. comfortD. support

18. A. suppliedB. offeredC. acquiredD. contributed

19. A. differentB. hardC. pleasantD. serious

20. A. machineB. paperC. screenD. hand

閱讀填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Once a manager wanted to test his people about their values of life. He announced 1 in their folder （文件夾）， there was a PVC pouch （袋） and in it a seed. When they return， they must put the seed in a pot with good soil and look 2 it very well. He would hold a competition at the next year’s seminar and the best plants would be awarded 3 （suitable）.

Everyone did what was told. And the next year in a big hall， there were hundreds of pots and a great 4 （various） of plants—all except one. In this pot was soil， 5 no plant！ The owner of the pot 6 （stand） quietly and feeling ashamed of himself.

The manager asked him what had happened and he told him the truth. He planted the seed， which he was given， and did what was 7 （do）—but nothing happened.

The general manager declared him the winner！ Everyone was 8 （shock）.

It was announced， “Gentlemen！ The seeds I gave you were

9 （boil） seeds. You planted them and nothing happened！ You acted smartly and used some other seeds. This man was honest to his work and therefore， he did not cheat me or 10 （he）！”

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟蹤導練（二）

閱讀理解

Language is a major problem for the European Union （EU）. The agreement or treaty which created the organization that eventually became the EU， the Treaty of Rome， stated that each country’s language must be treated equally. The original six countries had only three languages between them： French， German and Dutch/Flemish. However， there are now 15 countries in the EU， with a total of 12 languages. EU documents must be translated into all these languages， and at official meetings the speeches must be translated into all the languages by interpreters.

All this translating is very expensive and time consuming （費時的）. It is said that nearly half of all employees of the EU are engaged in translating documents and speeches， and nearly half of the EU’s administrative （管理的） costs are spent on this task. In the near future it is probably that several more countries， most of them having their own languages， will join the EU， thus making the situation even worse.

The problem is not just cost： there are practical difficulties as well. With 12 languages， there are 132 possible “translation situations” that might be needed. It is often difficult to find people in the right place at the right time who can translate from （for example） Danish into Greek， or Dutch into Portuguese， at a high professional standard.

In practice the problem has been made less severe by the use of English in many contacts between EU officials， since almost all of them speak some English. However， any move to reduce the number of official languages （perhaps to four or five） would be a blow to the price of the smaller countries. Another commonly suggested solution is to make English the official language for all EU business. However， this is strongly resisted （抵制） by powerful member countries like France and Germany.

1. The organization that finally became the EU ___ .

A. used 132 languages

B. started with three countries

C. was set up by the Treaty of Rome

D. was started by France and Germany

2. The writer mentions “Danish into Greek” as an example of ___ .

A. a situation that occurs often

B. languages easily being interpreted

C. a situation that might be difficult to deal with

D. one of the 12 situations that require an interpreter

3. According to the writer， the use of English in contacts among EU officials ___ .

A. has angered the officials who don’t speak English

B. has been opposed by powerful member countries

C. has reduced the number of official languages

D. has reduced the effect of the problem

4. What’s the main purpose of this passage？

A. To criticize the EU for ill efficiency.

B. To give a solution to the problem for the EU.

C. To show that the problem for the EU cannot be solved.

D. To find out a problem for the EU and show how severe it is.

閱讀選擇

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Swimming， cycling， jogging， skiing， dancing， walking or any of dozens of other activities can help your heart. 1 Whether it is a structured exercise program or just part of your daily routine， all exercise adds up to having a healthier heart. Here are some tips for exercise success.

● Choose activities that are fun and add variety. Develop several activities that you can enjoy. 2

● Wear comfortable， properly fitted shoes and comfortable， loose-fitting clothing appropriate for the weather and the activity.

● Find a convenient time and place to do activities. 3 If you miss an exercise opportunity， work activity into your day another way.

● Use music to keep yourself entertained.

● 4 Decide what kind of support you need. Do you want them to remind you to exercise？ Exercise with you regularly or occasionally？ Be understanding when you get up early to exercise？ Spend time with children while you exercise？ Try not to ask yourself to change your exercise routine？ Share your activity time with others. Ask your family members， friends or co-workers for help.

● Don’t overdo it， especially at first， You can slowly increase the time and intensity （強度） of your activities as you become more fit. 5

● Keep a record of your activities. Reward yourself at times. Nothing will inspire you more than success！

A. Try to make it a habit， but be flexible.

B. Surround yourself with supportive people.

C. Be an active role model for your children.

D. That way， exercise will never seem boring.

E. Gradually， work up to exercising on most days of the week for 30-60 minutes.

F. They all cause you to feel warm and breathe heavily without being out of breath.

G. If you are overweight or have a high risk of heart disease， see your doctor for medical advice before exercising.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

短文改錯

My hometown is a pretty city， so people there are kind and polite. With coming of spring， grass， trees and flowers grew in many colors. In summer， the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. After autumn arrives， the city looks as an old man with leaves fallen from the trees. In winter， a lot of white birds coming to my city for food. They can wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long time. While they find fish come to the surface， they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. That is my city， and I love it very much.