新加坡的成功故事

公共組屋是國家建設(shè)的一部分

作為世界上人口密度最高的國家之一，新加坡成功解決了人民的住房問題。這個(gè)奇跡怎么贊美都不為過。

With huge hopes for the future， Singapore began to build the 1）infrastructure worthy of a first-world country. What started as 2）kampongs， or villages， made out of 3）makeshift houses， became high-rise buildings. What was once home for my grandfather and his family was to be transformed. It’s a story millions of Singaporeans share.

My grandfather sold his plot of land in the 1960s and moved into a HDB， or 4）Housing Development Board home， thousands of which were sprouting up all over the island. It was an affordable way for Singaporeans to buy property and raise their standard of living.

Liu Thai Ker （Former CEO， Housing Development Board）： We had a huge task. When we first started in 1960， 1.3 million lived in 5）squatters. We worked very hard to move the squatters into the modern housing， provided with good 6）utilities. We were very clear that the only choice is to build high-rise， highdensity housing.

Gov Ad： Running water at the turn of a tap. And， wonder of wonders—electric light.

The new towers were 7）self-contained， with their own clinics， schools and shops.

Liu Thai Ker： There is a [sic] internal logic in the city， just like in a human being. You must put your lung this way， your stomach this way， your ear this way. There’s a logic for the positioning of this. In a city， it’s the same thing. We actually mixed the applications across all the social-economic data so that they’re all put into the same 8）precincts.

In public housing， it’s not an issue of 9）brick and mortar. It is part of nation-building. It is part of community-building.

（建國后）帶著對(duì)未來的宏偉展望，新加坡開始建設(shè)可與發(fā)達(dá)國家比肩的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。原來的小村莊，也就是馬來語稱之為“甘榜”的居民村，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)高樓林立。我爺爺及他家人曾經(jīng)的家園也將發(fā)生變化。這是幾百萬新加坡人共同經(jīng)歷的變革故事。

上世紀(jì)60年代，我爺爺賣掉他的一小塊地，搬進(jìn)組屋，也就是由政府建屋發(fā)展局建造的公共組屋。那個(gè)時(shí)候，千百棟這類組屋在全島拔地而起。對(duì)新加坡人來說，這些組屋經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠，使他們能夠購買房產(chǎn)，提高生活水平。

劉太格（建屋發(fā)展局前局長）：我們當(dāng)時(shí)的任務(wù)相當(dāng)繁重。我們?cè)?960年啟動(dòng)組屋建設(shè)時(shí)，有130萬人口居住在棚戶區(qū)。我們努力工作，讓棚屋居民搬進(jìn)了設(shè)施完善的現(xiàn)代住宅。我們當(dāng)時(shí)很清楚，解決問題的惟一方法就是建設(shè)高密度的高層住宅樓。

政府廣告：一擰水龍頭就有自來水，還有奇跡中的奇跡——電燈。

這些新的高層住宅樓有自己的診所、學(xué)校和商店，配套設(shè)施完備，獨(dú)立自足。

劉太格：一個(gè)城市有其內(nèi)在的運(yùn)作規(guī)律，就如一個(gè)人體，必須是你的肺在這里，胃在那里，你的耳朵這樣放，它們的位置都是有規(guī)律的。一個(gè)城市也一樣。實(shí)際上，我們還將經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)背景各異的申請(qǐng)人資料都混合在一起，使他們能在同一區(qū)域居住。

公共組屋不只是真實(shí)存在的居民住宅，它還是國家建設(shè)的一部分，是社區(qū)建設(shè)的一部分。……