Crying baby mammals all sound the same to Mama

我們從小就聽過很多版本的關(guān)于母愛無疆的故事。這次，讓我們從哺乳動(dòng)物的身上看看這個(gè)特質(zhì)的另一種體現(xiàn)吧。

A sharp cry pierces the air. Soon a worried mother deer approaches the source of the sound， expecting to find her fawn. But the sound is coming from a speaker system， and the call isnt that of a baby deer at all. Its an infant fur seals.

Because deer and seals do not live in the same habitats， mother deer should not know how baby seal screams sound， reasoned biologists Susan Lingle of the University of Winnipeg and Tobias Riede of Midwestern University， who were running the acoustic experiment. So why did a mother deer react with concern？

Over two summers， the researchers treated herds of mule deer and whitetailed deer on a Canadian farm to modified recording of the cries of a wide variety of infant mammals—elands， marmots， bats， fur seals， sea lions， domestic cats， dogs and humans. By observing how mother deer responded， biologists discovered that as long as the fundamental frequency was similar to that of their own infants calls， those mothers approached the speaker as if they were looking for their offspring. Such a reaction suggests deep commonalities among the cries of most young mammals. That empathy may arise because emotions are expressed in vocally similar ways among mammals.

Psychologist David Reby of the University of Sussex in England， who studies the evolution of communication， is not surprised by these findings. From an infants perspective， it is advantageous to attract any potential caregiver that could increase its chances of survival. And for parents， Reby says， “it is probably more advantageous to respond to anything that vaguely resembles a baby distress call.”If a predator is involved， a parent cannot waste time deciding whether the baby in need of help is its own. The costs of ignoring the cry are too high.

These results might also explain some instances of cross-species adoption in the wild. If a mother has recently lost her own infant and still has maternal hormones circulating， Lingle says， she may be primed to care for a ward when she hears its call—no matter what it looks like.