吳杰萍,郭志新
替米沙坦對心肌細胞脂聯素受體1表達的影響及其可能機制研究
吳杰萍,郭志新
目的探討替米沙坦調節糖尿病心肌細胞脂聯素受體1表達的作用機制。方法取H9C2心肌細胞作為研究對象,分兩個部分進行實驗。第一部分檢測血管緊張素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)抑制的影響:以不同濃度(0、10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5mol/L) AngⅡ作用48h以及AngⅡ(10-7mol/L)作用不同時間(0、12、24、36、48h)后檢測心肌細胞內脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白的表達;以10-5mol/L替米沙坦孵育1h,然后用10-7mol/L AngⅡ培養24h后檢測前述指標的表達。第二部分檢測過氧化物酶體增殖物活化受體-γ(PPAR-γ)激活的影響:將H9C2心肌細胞分5組:①對照組(NG組);②高糖組(HG組);③高糖+替米沙坦組(HG+T組);④高糖+替米沙坦+PPAR-γ抑制劑GW9662組(HG+T+GW組);⑤低糖+甘露醇組(NG+M組)。按分組處理24h后檢測心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白的表達。采用實時熒光定量聚合酶鏈反應法和免疫印跡法測定心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白的表達。結果在AngⅡ濃度為10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5mol/L時心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達均明顯降低(P<0.05),尤以10-7mol/L時下降最顯著(P<0.01)。10-7mol/L AngⅡ作用12、24、36、48h后心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達均明顯降低(P<0.05),尤以24h下降最顯著(P<0.01)。替米沙坦可顯著上調AngⅡ作用后的心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達(P<0.05)。與NG組比較,HG組心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達顯著降低(P<0.05),而NG+M組表達無顯著變化(P>0.05)。與HG組比較,HG+T組心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達顯著升高(P<0.05);與HG+T組比較,HG+T+GW組心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達顯著降低(P<0.05)。結論高糖和AngⅡ可顯著降低心肌細胞脂聯素受體1的表達。替米沙坦通過激活PPAR-γ、抑制AngⅡ而上調高糖培養的心肌細胞脂聯素受體1的表達。
替米沙坦;PPARγ;血管緊張素Ⅱ;肌細胞,心臟;受體,脂聯素
糖尿病性心肌病是糖尿病最常見的慢性并發癥之一,是導致糖尿病患者死亡的重要原因。脂聯素(adiponectin,APN)是脂肪細胞分泌的一種蛋白質,通過與其受體結合發揮抗炎、抗糖尿病和抗動脈粥樣硬化作用[1]。替米沙坦是一種特異性血管緊張素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ,AngⅡ)受體AT1的拮抗劑,同時能選擇性調節過氧化物酶體增殖物活化受體-γ(PPAR-γ)的活性,其激活PPAR-γ的作用可達傳統PPAR-γ配體的25%~30%[2-3]。本課題組前期研究表明,替米沙坦能顯著上調2型糖尿病大鼠心肌脂聯素受體的表達,降低心臟肥大指數,改善心功能,對心臟產生保護作用[4-5],但是其作用機制尚未闡明。本研究旨在明確替米沙坦的作用與PPAR-γ途徑激活和(或)AngⅡ途徑阻斷的關系,以期為臨床治療糖尿病性心臟病的藥物選擇提供理論依據。
1.1 實驗材料 H9C2細胞系(ATCC細胞庫),DMEM培養基(美國Hyclone公司),胎牛血清(杭州四季清公司),0.25%胰蛋白酶(美國Hyclone公司),替米沙坦(美國Sigma公司),選擇性PPAR-γ抑制劑GW9662(美國Sigma公司),AngⅡ(美國Hyclone公司),反轉錄-聚合酶鏈反應試劑盒(北京天根公司),Trizol(TaKaRa公司),細胞蛋白抽提試劑盒(武漢博士德公司),引物(上海生工生物工程有限公司),CO2培養箱(HERAcell 150),實時熒光定量聚合酶鏈反應儀(美國Bio-Rad公司),脂聯素受體1抗體、GAPDH抗體、羊抗兔IgG-HRP(武漢博士德公司)。
1.2 檢測替米沙坦與AngⅡ對H9C2心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響
1.2.1 不同濃度AngⅡ的影響 將H9C2心肌細胞分別于含0、10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5mol/L AngⅡ的無血清DMEM培養基中培養48h(n=3)后測定脂聯素受體1表達。
1.2.2 10-7mol/L AngⅡ作用不同時間的影響H9C2心肌細胞在含10-7mol/L AngⅡ的無血清DMEM培養基中培養0、12、24、36、48h(n=3)后測定脂聯素受體1表達。
1.2.3 替米沙坦的阻斷作用 H9C2心肌細胞在含10-5mol/L替米沙坦的無血清DMEM培養基中預孵育1h,然后加入10-7mol/L AngⅡ培養24h(n=3),測定脂聯素受體1的表達。
1.3 檢測替米沙坦與GW9662對H9C2心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響 H9C2心肌細胞在含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養液中培養至狀態良好并鋪滿培養瓶底部,0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,以105個/ml密度接種于6孔板,置37℃ CO2孵箱(5%CO2,95%空氣)中培養,24h后換為無血清DMEM培養基。
將細胞隨機分為5個組(n=3):①正常對照(NG)組:以無血清低糖(5.6mmol/L)DMEM培養基培養;②高糖(HG)組:以無血清高糖(25.5mmol/L)DMEM培養基培養;③高糖+替米沙坦(HG+T)組:在HG組的基礎上加入10-5mol/L替米沙坦;④高糖+替米沙坦+GW9662(HG+T+GW)組:在HG組基礎上先加入10μmol/L GW9662預孵育1h,再加10-5mol/L替米沙坦培養;⑤低糖+甘露醇(NG+M)組:在NG組基礎上加入19.9mmol/L甘露醇培養。按照上述分組培養24h后檢測心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白的表達。
1.4 脂聯素受體1表達檢測
1.4.1 標本收集 用Trizol試劑盒提取細胞總RNA,用蛋白抽提液提取細胞總蛋白,將所得到的標本置-70℃冰箱保存備用。
1.4.2 mRNA表達檢測 取出總RNA,用RT-PCR試劑盒行反轉錄制備cDNA,用實時熒光定量PCR儀進行擴增。所用引物序列如下:脂聯素受體1上游5'-GCTGGCCTTTATGCTGCTCG-3',下游5'-TCTAGGCCGTAACGGAATTC-3';內參GAPDH上游5'-ATGGTGAAGGTCGGTGTG-3',下游5'-AACTTGCCGTGGGTAGAG-3'。PCR反應體系為:FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master (ROX)10μl,上、下游引物(15μmol/L)各0.5μl,cDNA 2μl,無DNase和RNase水7μl,共20μl。PCR擴增條件:95℃預變性15min,活化Tag酶;95℃10s,60℃31s,40個循環。目的基因表達陽性的標本熒光定量擴增曲線呈S形,用實時熒光定量PCR系統讀取Ct值。以2-ΔΔCt表示樣品中目的基因mRNA相對于內參基因的表達量。
1.5 蛋白表達檢測 取總蛋白,采用Western blotting檢測脂聯素受體蛋白的表達。用BCA法測定蛋白濃度,將適量蛋白與5×SDS上樣緩沖液混勻,煮沸5min,使其變性。每孔上樣量20μg,10% SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠行電泳分離,將電泳后的凝膠轉移至PVDF膜上。TBST液洗膜5min×3次,5%脫脂奶粉封閉2h。一抗1:1000稀釋)4℃孵育過夜。TBST液清洗5min×3次。加入二抗(1:500稀釋)室溫孵育1h,TBST液清洗5min×3次,ECL化學發光,凝膠自動成像儀掃描圖像,采用Odyssey 3.0軟件對條帶行半定量分析。
1.6 統計學處理 采用SPSS 16.0軟件進行統計分析。數據結果以表示,多組間比較采用方差分析,進一步兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2.1 不同濃度AngⅡ對H9C2心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響 與0mol/L AngⅡ組比較,10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5mol/L AngⅡ組心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達均明顯降低(P<0.05),尤以10-7mol/L組下降顯著(P<0.01,圖1)。
2.2 AngⅡ作用不同時間對H9C2心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響 與0h比較,10-7mol/L AngⅡ作用12、24、36、48h后心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達均明顯降低(P<0.05),尤以24h下降顯著(P<0.01,圖2)。

圖1 不同濃度AngⅡ對H9C2心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響Fig.1 E ff ect of di ff erent concentrations of AngⅡ on mRNA and protein expressions of adiponectin receptor 1 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes (1)P<0.05, (2)P<0.01 compared with 0mol/L AngⅡ

圖2 AngⅡ(10-7mol/L)作用不同時間對心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響Fig.2 Comparison of the mRNA and protein expressions of adiponectin receptor 1 in cardiomyocytes treated by AngⅡ (10–7mol/L) for di ff erent time
2.3 替米沙坦阻斷AngⅡ作用后對心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響 與10-7mol/L AngⅡ組比較,10-5mol/L替米沙坦+10-7mol/L AngⅡ組心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白的表達顯著升高(P<0.05,圖3)。

圖3 替米沙坦阻斷AngⅡ作用后對心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響Fig.3 Effect of telmisartan on mRNA and protein expressions of adiponectin receptor 1 in cardiomyocytes by blocking the effect of AngⅡ
2.4 替未沙坦與GW9662對心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響 與NG組比較,HG組及HG+T+GW組心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達均明顯降低(P<0.05),而NG+M組及HG+T組表達無明顯變化(P>0.05)。與HG組比較,HG+T組和NG+M組心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達明顯升高(P<0.05),而HG+T+GW組表達無明顯變化(P>0.05)。與HG+T組比較,HG+T+GW組心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達顯著降低(P<0.05,圖4)。

圖4 替米沙坦及選擇性PPAR-γ抑制劑GW9662對心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達的影響Fig.4 E ff ect of telmisartan and GW9662, a potent antagonist of PPAR-γ, on expression of adiponectin receptor 1 in cardiomyocytes
本研究結果顯示,AngⅡ呈濃度-時間依賴性下調心肌細胞脂聯素受體1的表達,而替米沙坦可阻斷AngⅡ的上述作用,提示替米沙坦可通過阻斷AngⅡ途徑上調心肌細胞脂聯素受體1的表達。本研究結果還顯示,高糖培養的心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達顯著降低,替米沙坦可顯著升高高糖培養心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白的表達,而選擇性PPAR-γ抑制劑GW9662能顯著抑制替米沙坦的上述作用,提示替米沙坦可通過激活PPAR-γ途徑上調心肌細胞脂聯素受體1的表達。
AngⅡ是腎素-血管緊張素系統的主要成分。激活腎素-血管緊張素系統和增加AngⅡ的形成在左室重構和心衰發展中均起重要作用。升高的AngⅡ通過與血管緊張素受體結合促進了心肌肥大、心肌間質纖維化和心肌細胞凋亡[6-7]。研究發現,AngⅡ可上調心肌細胞脂聯素表達[8],而脂聯素可減輕AngⅡ誘導的心肌細胞凋亡[9],并可通過脂聯素受體1改善AngⅡ誘導的大鼠心房細胞肥大和纖維化[10]。本研究結果還顯示,AngⅡ作用于心肌細胞使脂聯素受體1的表達量明顯下降,且具有濃度-時間依賴性,給予替米沙坦干預后,心肌細胞脂聯素受體1的表達顯著升高,提示阻斷AngⅡ作用是替米沙坦調節心肌細胞脂聯素受體1表達的機制之一。Li等[11]的研究結果顯示,AngⅡ可呈濃度-時間依賴性下調心肌細胞脂聯素受體1的表達,AngⅡ受體拮抗劑洛沙坦可顯著抑制AngⅡ的上述作用,與本研究結果相似。
脂聯素是脂肪細胞分泌的一種蛋白質,通過與其受體結合發揮抗炎、抗糖尿病和抗動脈粥樣硬化等作用[1]。脂聯素受體1主要在骨骼肌表達,脂聯素受體2主要在肝臟表達[12]。除骨骼肌和肝臟外,心臟和腎臟也表達脂聯素受體[12-15]。替米沙坦同時具有部分PPAR-γ激動劑的功能,其作用可達傳統PPAR-γ配體最大激活作用的25%~30%[2-3],是唯一在治療濃度下能激活PPAR-γ的AngⅡ受體拮抗劑[16]。本課題組前期研究顯示,2型糖尿病大鼠心肌脂聯素受體表達顯著降低,替米沙坦和PPAR-γ激動劑羅格列酮可顯著上調2型糖尿病大鼠心肌脂聯素受體的表達[4-5,14,17]。Ding等[18]的研究結果顯示,羅格列酮可顯著上調體外培養的心肌細胞脂聯素受體1的表達。本研究結果顯示,高糖培養的心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達顯著降低,替米沙坦可顯著升高高糖培養的心肌細胞脂聯素受體1 mRNA和蛋白表達,而選擇性PPAR-γ抑制劑GW9662可顯著抑制替米沙坦的上述作用,提示激活PPAR-γ途徑是替米沙坦調節心肌細胞脂聯素受體1表達的機制之一。
綜上所述,高糖和AngⅡ可顯著降低心肌細胞脂聯素受體1的表達。替米沙坦通過激活PPAR-γ、抑制AngⅡ上調高糖培養心肌細胞脂聯素受體1的表達。
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Effects of telmisartan on the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 in cardiomyocytes and its mechanism
WU Jie-ping, GUO Zhi-xin*
Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
*Correspondence author, E-mail: zhxguo1966@aliyun.com
This work was supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Shanxi Medical University (01201015), Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2011-048), Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (2013011047-1), and Technology Faundation for Selected Overseas Chinese Scholar by Department of Personnel of Shanxi Province (Approved in 2012)
ObjectiveTo explore the mechanisms of telmisartan in regulating the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in diabetic cardiomyocytes.MethodsInvestigation of the inhibitory effects of AngⅡ were performed in 3 subexperiments as follows: One detects mRNA and protein expression of AdipoR1 in different batches of H9C2 cells pre-treated with AngⅡ for 48 hours at a concentration of 0, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5mol/L respectively, one in cells pre-treated with AngⅡ at a concentration of 10-7mol/L for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours respectively, while the last in cells pre-treated with telmisartan at 10-5mol/L for 1 hour followed by AngⅡ at 10-7mol/L for 24 hours. Cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into following five groups: normal control group (NG), high glucose group (HG), high glucose plus telmisartan group (HG+T), high glucose plus telmisartan and PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 group (HG+T+GW), and normal glucose plus mannitol group (NG+M). Cardiomyocytes in the above-mentioned five groups were continued to be cultured for 24h, then the mRNA and proteinexpressions of AdipoR1 in cardiomyocytes were assayed. Fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were used respectively to analyze the mRNA and protein expressions of AdipoR1 in cardiomyocytes.ResultsThe mRNA and protein expressions of AdipoR1 in cardiomyocytes were significantly decreased by AngⅡ at concentrations of 10-8, 10-7, 10-6and 10-5mol/L (P<0.05), reaching a maximal decrease at concentration of 10-7mol/L (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expressions of AdipoR1 were significantly down-regulated in cardiomyocytes after being incubated with AngⅡ for 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h, reaching a maximal down-regulation at 24h (P<0.01). Telmisartan significantly up-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of AdipoR1 in cardiomyocytes treated with AngⅡ (P<0.05). Compared with group NG, group HG showed a significant down-regulation in the mRNA and protein expressions of AdipoR1 in cardiomyocytes (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between group NG and group NG+M in the mRNA and protein expressions of AdipoR1 in cardiomyocytes (P>0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of AdipoR1 in cardiomyocytes were significantly up-regulated in group HG+T compared with that in group HG (P<0.05), and significantly down-regulated in group HG+T+GW compared with that in group HG+T (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe expression of myocardial AdipoR1 may be significantly reduced by high glucose and AngⅡ. Telmisartan may up-regulate the expression of AdipoR1 in cardiomyocytes cultured in high glucose content by activating PPAR-γ and inhibiting AngⅡ.
telmisartan; PPAR gamma; angiotensin Ⅱ; myocytes, cardiac; receptors, adiponectin
R587.1
A
0577-7402(2015)01-0030-05
10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.01.07
2014-08-18;
2014-11-29)
(責任編輯:張小利)
山西醫科大學科技創新基金(01201015);山西省回國留學人員科研資助項目(2011-048);山西省自然科學基金(2013011047-1);山西省留學人員科技活動擇優資助項目(2012年批準)
吳杰萍,碩士研究生。主要從事糖尿病及其慢性并發癥的研究
030001 太原 山西醫科大學第二醫院內分泌科(吳杰萍、郭志新)
]郭志新,E-mail:zhxguo1966@aliyun.com