王春霄 王寶輝 韓洪晶
摘 要: 綠色化學技術很有必要應用在油田壓裂廢液的處理中。在論述油田壓裂廢液的危害和綠色化學技術優點的基礎上,簡要介紹了幾種處理油田壓裂廢液的綠色化學技術:高鐵酸鹽氧化法,臭氧氧化法,芬頓試劑氧化法,光催化氧化,電化學法,超聲法,混凝法和吸附法。重點討論了綠色化學技術在油田壓裂廢液處理的原理和應用效果,并對其在油田壓裂廢液處理方面進行了展望。
關 鍵 詞:綠色化學技術;油田壓裂廢液;COD去除率
中圖分類號:TE 357 文獻標識碼: A 文章編號: 1671-0460(2015)10-2321-04
Principle and Application of Green Chemical Technology in
Treatment of Waste Fracturing Fluid in Oilfields
WANG Chun-xiao, WANG Bao-hui, HAN Hong-jing
(Northeast Petroleum University, Heilongjiang Daqing 163000,China)
Abstract: Its very necessary to apply the green chemical technology in treatment of waste oilfield fracturing fluid. In this paper, harms of waste oilfield fracturing fluid were discussed as well as advantages of the green chemical technology, several green chemical technologies for treatment of waste oilfield fracturing fluid were introduced, such as ferrate oxidation, ozone oxidation, Fenton oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, electrochemical method and ultrasonic method. Principle and application of the green chemical technology in treatment of oilfield waste fracturing fluid were analyzed. And development trend of the green chemical technology for treating waste oilfield fracturing fluid was prospected.
Key words: Green chemistry; Waste oilfield fracturing fluid; COD removal efficiency
油田壓裂技術在油氣井增產中應用廣泛,該技術在應用于剩余油的潛力發掘和致密油開采中效果明顯,壓裂技術主要是把壓裂液強行注入含油地層后使得地層產生裂縫,因而更多的石油會流入生產井,使得油田實現增產。而壓裂液隨后需外排,稱之為壓裂廢液,其特點為COD值高,懸浮物含量高,礦化度高和高粘度等[1]。
1 壓裂廢液的危害及主要處理方法
水基壓裂液在常規壓裂作業中應用最為普遍,生產作業完成后所產生的壓裂廢液中主要含有有機物例如胍爾膠和酚類、石油類、陰離子例如氯離子及各種添加劑等,與此同時大部分廢液中含有大量未處理原油、醛類及胺類等有害物質,這些決定了其內在污染物的成份復雜,并且比較穩定難以降解[2]。如果不經過有效處理措施即排出其中的難降解物質就會對周圍環境,地表水系,農作物,大氣環境等造成嚴重污染。……