侯超波 劉釗 王旭

摘 要:干線截斷閥在長輸天然氣管道中運用十分廣泛,近年來由Shafer氣液聯動機構失效導致的干線截斷閥異常關斷事件時有發生,對長輸天然氣管道平穩運行造成重要影響。基于此,在介紹干線截斷閥組成結構和動作原理的基礎上,選取典型案例探討干線截斷閥關斷事件原因及其處理要點,最后并提出相應的干線截斷閥維檢修建議。
關 鍵 詞:長輸天然氣管道;干線截斷閥異常關斷;維檢修建議
中圖分類號:TE 832 文獻標識碼: A 文章編號: 1671-0460(2015)10-2472-03
Analysis and Treatment of GOV Abnormal Shutoff
in Long Distance Natural Gas Pipelines
HOU Chao-bo,LIU Zhao,WANG Xv
(PetroChina Beijing Oil & Gas Control Center, Beijing 100007,China)
Abstract: GOVs are widely used in long distance natural gas pipelines; however GOV abnormal Shutoff caused by Shafer pneumatic hydraulic actuator failure often occurs in recent years, which has a significant influence on stable running of long distance natural gas pipelines. In this paper, focusing on GOV abnormal shutoff, the composition structure and action principle of GOV were introduced. Then through selecting a typical case, reasons and treatment measures of GOV abnormal shutoff were discussed. At the end, some maintenance suggestions were put forward.
Key words: Long distance natural gas pipeline; GOV abnormal shutoff; Maintenance suggestions
隨著我國天然氣工業大發展,西氣東輸、陜京系統等長輸天然氣管道相繼建成投產。為確保長輸天然氣管道安全平穩運行,具有監控截斷功能的干線截斷閥得到大量應用。我國長輸管道的干線截斷閥多采用卡梅隆(CAMERON)、格羅夫(GROVE)或成高球閥,由Shafer氣液聯動執行機構驅動。Shafer氣液聯動執行機構運用管道高壓天然氣作為動力開關球閥,具有操作方便、安全可靠等特點。
1 干線截斷閥結構和原理
1.1 管道球閥的組成和動作原理
球閥在天然氣管道運行中的主要作用是切斷或接通天然氣流動,其結構緊湊開關迅速,由閥體、閥座、球體、閥桿和傳動裝置等多個部分組成。閥體、球體與閥座密封圈形成密封后能有效承受管道天然氣壓力。
浮動球閥和固定球閥在天然氣長輸管道中最為常見[1]。浮動球閥的球體在管道天然氣壓力作用下產生位移并緊貼在出口端的密封面上,保證出口端密封。浮動球閥具有結構簡單,密封性好,維修方便等特點,但是出口密封圈在球體受到較高壓力沖擊時會受損變形導致球體發生偏移,影響性能發揮,因此浮動球閥多用于中低壓管道。……