羅 駿,王聰懿,熊 偉,張 誠,吳慶琛
(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院 胸心外科, 重慶 400010)
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研究論文
過表達(dá)LATS1降低食管癌Eca109細(xì)胞增殖
羅 駿,王聰懿,熊 偉,張 誠,吳慶琛*
(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院 胸心外科, 重慶 400010)
目的運(yùn)用慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染技術(shù)在食管癌Eca109細(xì)胞中過表達(dá)LATS1基因,探究LATS1調(diào)控Eca109細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡及周期的作用及機(jī)制。方法構(gòu)建LATS1基因的慢病毒載體轉(zhuǎn)染Eca109細(xì)胞系,RT-PCR檢測細(xì)胞中LATS1 mRNA的表達(dá);Western blot檢測LATS1、YAP、BAX/BCL-2的蛋白表達(dá)水平;MTS檢測細(xì)胞增殖;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡及周期;hochest33258觀察細(xì)胞凋亡染色。結(jié)果LATS1慢病毒載體轉(zhuǎn)染Eca109細(xì)胞后,目的基因組(Ad-LATS1)LATS1 mRNA及LATS1蛋白表達(dá)、BAX蛋白表達(dá)明顯高于對照組(CON)及陰性對照組(Ad-GFP),而YAP、BCL-2的蛋白表達(dá)明顯低于對照組及Ad-GFP組(P<0.05);Ad-LATS1組Eca109細(xì)胞的增殖率從第5天開始明顯低于對照組及Ad-GFP組(P<0.05);Ad-LATS1組細(xì)胞較Ad-GFP及對照組G1期比例明顯增高而S期比例明顯縮短,凋亡率明顯增高(P<0.05),細(xì)胞熒光染色強(qiáng)度及范圍也增高。結(jié)論LATS1基因可上調(diào)BAX、下調(diào)YAP、BCL-2使Eca109凋亡,并誘導(dǎo)G1期延長、S期縮短來降低其增殖力。
食管腫瘤;LATS1;YAP;增殖;凋亡
食管癌是常見的消化道惡性腫瘤之一,在全球范圍內(nèi)是導(dǎo)致患者病死率第6位的腫瘤[1],但因其病因和發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不明確,一直以來都是研究的難點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。HIPPO信號通路由LATS1(large tumor suppressor gene 1)、YAP(Yes-associated protein)等因子組成,本研究意在構(gòu)建LATS1慢病毒載體,在食管鱗癌Eca109細(xì)胞中過表達(dá)LATS1,探討其對Eca109細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡的作用及機(jī)制。
1.1 主要試劑
Hoechest 33258(碧云天研究所),四甲基偶氮唑鹽(MTS) (Promega公司);LATS1、GAPDH引物(上海生工);兔抗人LATS1多克隆抗體(Abnova公司);兔抗人YAP多克隆抗體(Santa Cruz公司);兔抗人BCL-2、BAX和β-actin (Bioword公司);HRP標(biāo)記山羊抗兔IgG、PMSF、 SDS-PAGE凝膠配制試劑盒(碧云天研究所);ECL發(fā)光試劑盒(Thermo Scientific公司)。LATS1過表達(dá)慢病毒載體(上海吉凱基因構(gòu)建);Premix Taq(TaKaRa公司)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 慢病毒的轉(zhuǎn)染及實(shí)驗(yàn)分組:Eca109細(xì)胞復(fù)蘇后,用含10%胎牛血清的1640,置 37 ℃、5% CO2下培養(yǎng),以MAI(病毒總數(shù)/轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞總數(shù))值0、10、20、30、40和50分別加入空載體慢病毒。轉(zhuǎn)染后將Eca109細(xì)胞分為3組: CON組(未進(jìn)行處理的Eca109細(xì)胞);Ad-GFP組(用空白病毒轉(zhuǎn)染的Eca109細(xì)胞);Ad-LATS1組(用過表達(dá)LATS1慢病毒載體轉(zhuǎn)染的Eca109細(xì)胞)。
1.2.2 RT-PCR檢測各組細(xì)胞LATS1的mRNA表達(dá):取對數(shù)增殖期Eca109細(xì)胞以每孔105個接種于6孔板的3孔并標(biāo)記,分組處理后,分別收集各組細(xì)胞120 h的總RNA,反轉(zhuǎn)錄制備 cDNA后擴(kuò)增、電泳。利用Gene Tools軟件進(jìn)行吸光度值分析。
1.2.3 Western blot檢測各組細(xì)胞LATS1、YAP、 BAX及BCL-2蛋白的表達(dá):收集各組細(xì)胞,裂解細(xì)胞后用BCA 法測定蛋白濃度,加SD上樣緩沖液變性后,根據(jù)蛋白分子量配制相應(yīng)濃度的SDS 膠加入RIPA及1%PMSF提取細(xì)胞蛋白,行SDS-PAGE 電泳后,電轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF 膜,5%脫脂奶粉封閉2 h,4 ℃下與一抗孵育過夜,以 TBST漂洗后加入二抗常溫孵育2 h×3次,洗膜后用顯色劑ECL試劑顯色、X線片壓片處理后,掃描。QuantityOne軟件定量分析條帶的灰度值。
1.2.4 MTS檢測各組細(xì)胞的增殖力:將對數(shù)增殖細(xì)胞分組,慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染處理后,隔24 h進(jìn)行MTS檢測。每孔加入MTS溶液20 μL,孵育2 h后,用酶標(biāo)儀于490 nm處測出各孔吸光度(A)值。繼續(xù)檢測48、72、96、120和144 h各組細(xì)胞的吸光度值。
1.2.5 Hoechst 33258染色法觀測細(xì)胞凋亡的情況:將Eca109細(xì)胞用慢病毒處理。于轉(zhuǎn)染后120 h后,PBS清洗2次,固定液固定15 min,PBS 清洗,加入Hoechst 33258,37 ℃染色30 min,封片,熒光顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞染色。
1.2.6 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡:慢病毒分組處理后,于120 h后用PBS洗滌3次,無乙二胺四乙酸胰蛋白酶消化后,PBS洗滌3次,800 r/min 離心5 min,采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡率。
1.2.7 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞周期:將處理的各組細(xì)胞用PBS洗滌3次,消化收集于離心管中,PBS洗滌2次,離心棄上清液,重懸于1 mL 70%乙醇中固定過夜,次日采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞周期比例。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

2.1 Eca109細(xì)胞中慢病毒的轉(zhuǎn)染效率
MAI為(0、10、20、30、40和50)時96 h感染效率分別為(0%、30%、60%、80%、95%和99%),當(dāng)MAI值為50時,轉(zhuǎn)染效率高,細(xì)胞狀態(tài)較好,故選擇MAI值50轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
2.2 轉(zhuǎn)染前后Eca109細(xì)胞中LATS1 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)
LATS1 mRNA表達(dá): Ad-LATS1組明顯高于對照組和Ad-GFP組(P<0.05);LATS1蛋白表達(dá): Ad-LATS1組明顯高于對照組和Ad-GFP組(P<0.05)(圖1,表1)。

圖1 慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染后各組細(xì)胞LATS1的mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)Fig 1 LATS1 mRNA and protein in lentivirus group of cells after transfection

groupLATS1mRNALATS1proteinCON0.2527±0.01960.2910±0.0080Ad-GFP0.2278±0.01120.3239±0.0168Ad-LATS10.8653±0.0280*0.8322±0.0328*
*P<0.05 compared with control group.
2.3 轉(zhuǎn)染前后Eca109細(xì)胞中YAP、BAX、BCL-2的蛋白表達(dá)
Ad-LATS1轉(zhuǎn)染組中YAP、BCL-2的蛋白表達(dá)量明顯低于對照組和Ad-GFP組,而BAX的蛋白表達(dá)量明顯高于對照組和Ad-GFP組(P<0.05)(圖2,表2)。

圖2 慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染后各組細(xì)胞YAP、BAX、BCL-2的蛋白表達(dá)情況Fig 2 YAP,BAX,BCL-2 protein in lentivirus groups of cells after transfection

group/proteinYAPBAXBCL-2CON0.3425±0.01970.4745±0.03480.8971±0.0162Ad-GFP0.3612±0.02960.4373±0.41670.8740±0.0228Ad-LATS10.2283±0.0211*0.6775±0.0176*0.5226±0.0251*
*P<0.05 compared with control group.
2.4 過表達(dá)LATS1對Eca109細(xì)胞增殖的影響
轉(zhuǎn)染第5天開始,Ad-LATS1組的細(xì)胞吸光度(A)開始明顯低于對照組及Ad-GFP組 (P<0.05,圖3)。

*P 2.5 過表達(dá)LATS1對Eca109細(xì)胞凋亡的影響 對照組、Ad-GFP組、Ad-LATS1組的凋亡率分別為(6.15±0.45)%、(5.32±0.40)%和(22.46±1.52)%,LATS1轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞的凋亡率明顯高于其余組(P<0.05)(圖4)。對照組、Ad-GFP組的Eca109細(xì)胞發(fā)出較弱的均勻的藍(lán)色熒光,細(xì)胞系無明顯的形態(tài)學(xué)改變; 而Ad-LATS1組凋亡細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)核濃染、碎裂,發(fā)出較強(qiáng)的藍(lán)色熒光(圖5)。 2.6 過表達(dá)LATS1對Eca109細(xì)胞周期的影響 Ad-LATS1組相較于其余組G1期細(xì)胞比例明顯增多,S期細(xì)胞比例明顯減少(P<0.05)(圖6,表3)。 人體內(nèi)的HIPPO信號通路可通過負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)下游YAP來抑制細(xì)胞生長和誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡[2]。 圖4 FCM測的各組細(xì)胞的凋亡率 圖5 Hochest33258染色法觀察各組細(xì)胞的凋亡 圖6 FCM測各組細(xì)胞周期的結(jié)果圖 group/cellcycleG1G2SCON63.94±0.755.40±0.4130.66±0.99Ad-GFP63.82±1.695.41±1.0730.77±2.76Ad-LATS174.72±1.21*5.47±1.2619.82±2.24* *P<0.05 compared with control and Ad-GFP group. HIPPO通路中編碼絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶的Wts和Sav共同作用從而調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡[3]。在非小細(xì)胞肺癌[4]與胃癌[5]中也已證實(shí)腫瘤組織中的YAP表達(dá)明顯高于癌旁。多種細(xì)胞應(yīng)激作用和促凋亡刺激因子可激活LATS1/2,能誘導(dǎo)BAX、caspase3的表達(dá)并抑制BCL-2的表達(dá)來促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡[6]。LATS1/2都能與下游YAP結(jié)合,可抑制YAP引起的癌變,但以LATS1對YAP的調(diào)控為主。近年來,通過沉默HeLa細(xì)胞中的LATS1,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞增殖力及抵抗藥物誘發(fā)凋亡的能力增強(qiáng)[7];LATS1過表達(dá)能下調(diào)YAP的活性并對乳腺癌細(xì)胞遷移侵襲能力產(chǎn)生抑制作用[8],也能抑制肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞的增殖及凋亡[9]。以上說明YAP為癌基因,而LATS1為其上游負(fù)調(diào)控的抑癌基因,LATS1能靶向調(diào)節(jié)YAP并對腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展起重要作用。LATS1在食管癌上的研究尚未見報(bào)道。通過本實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn):過表達(dá)LATS1的Eca109細(xì)胞YAP、BCL-2的蛋白表達(dá)明顯降低而BAX明顯增高,使食管癌Eca109細(xì)胞停滯在G1期而使其增殖受抑制并促進(jìn)其凋亡。 LATS1及HIPPO通路在食管癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展中可能起到重要作用,有待進(jìn)一步的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。本文意在細(xì)胞層面上研究LATS1及HIPPO通路在食管癌中的作用,為日后進(jìn)一步的組織動物實(shí)驗(yàn)及臨床運(yùn)用打下基礎(chǔ)。 [1] Reddy P. Laboratory diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome[J].South Med J,2013,106: 439- 446. [2] Chan EH1, Nousiainen M, Chalamalasetty RB,etal. The Ste20-like kinase Mst2 activates the human large tumor suppressor kinase Lats1[J]. Oncogene. 2005 Mar 17;24:2076- 2086. [3] Halder G, Johnson RL. Hippo signaling: Growth control and beyond[J].Development 2011; 138: 9- 22. [4] Da CL1, Xin Y, Zhao J,etal. Significance and relationship between Yes-associated protein and survivin expression in gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2009,15:4055- 4061. [5] Zeng Q, Hong W. The emerging role of the hippo pathway in cell contact inhibition, organ size control, and cancer development in mammals[J]. Cancer Cell, 2008,13: 188- 192. [6] Xia H, Qi H, Li Y,etal. LATS1 tumor suppressor regulates G2/M transition and apoptosis[J]. Oncogene, 2002,21:1233- 1241. [7] Visser S, Yang X. Identification of LATS transcriptional targets in HeLa cells using whole human genome oligonucleotide microarray[J]. Gene,2010,449:22- 29. [8] Zhang J, Smolen GA, Haber DA. Negative regulation of YAP by LATS1 underscores evolutionary conservation of the Drosophila Hippo pathway[J]. Cancer Res, 2008,68: 2789- 2794. [9] 熊偉,吳慶琛,張誠. LATS1過表達(dá)對肺癌A549細(xì)胞增殖及周期的影響[J]. 中國細(xì)胞生物學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2014, 36: 54- 59. Overexpression ofLATS1 reduces the proliferation of Eca109 cells LUO Jun, WANG Cong-yi, XIONG Wei, ZHANG Cheng, WU Qing-chen* (Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China) Objective To discuss the impact and mechanism on proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle of Eca109 cells by overexpressLATS1 in lentivirus transfection technique. Methods Built LATS1-lentivirus vector then transfected the lentivirus vector into Eca109 cells;LATS1 mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR;LATS1,YAP,BAX/BCL-2 protein expression was detected by western blotting;proliferation ability was detected by MTS assay;the ratio of apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by FCM;the dyeing of apoptosis was observed by hochest33258. Results After transfection ofLATS1-lentivirus in Eca109 cells(Ad-LATS1 group),we found lats1 mRNA expression and protein expression level,BAX protein expression level were all remarkablely higher than control group and Ad-GFP groups while YAP,BCL-2 protein expression level were on the contrary(P<0.05);The ratio of proliferation in Ad-LATS1 group was significantly lower than control group and Ad-GFP groups from the fifth day(P<0.05);FCM showed more cells stay in G1phase in Ad-LATS1 group than in control group and-GFP groups while the ratio of cells in S phase were on the contrary and apoptosis rate was much higher in Ad-LATS1 group than in others(P<0.05);Hoechst 33258 dying also demonstrated thatLATS1 could induce apoptosis in Eca109 cells through the degree and range of dyeing. ConclusionsLATS1 gene may up-regulate BAX whlle down-regulate YAP and BCL-2 to increase the apoptosis rate of Eca109 cells,more over,it potentially prolong the G1phase of cell cycle and shorten the S phase to inhibit the proliferation of Eca109 cells. esophagus tumor;LATS1;YAP;proliferation;apoptosis 2014- 08- 29 2014- 12- 02 重慶市衛(wèi)生局重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目(2012- 1- 015) 1001-6325(2015)06-0792-05 R735.1 A *通信作者(corresponding author):wqc6@hotmail.com3 討論



