不同施肥方式下半夏重金屬污染評價

張皓 何騰兵 林昌虎 王文華 柳小蘭 樊博 趙路玥

摘要：對施專用肥、習慣種植（草木灰+普鈣）、不施肥3種處理的半夏（Pinellia ternata）塊莖烘干后，按照直徑d>1.5 cm、1.0 cm≤d≤1.5 cm、d<1.0 cm進行分級，測定半夏中鉛（Pb）、鎘（Cd）、砷（As）、銅（Cu）的含量，并采用單項與綜合污染指數法對半夏中重金屬污染進行評價。結果表明，施專用肥與習慣種植兩種處理對半夏中重金屬含量的影響相當，不施肥處理的影響較小。半夏中重金屬的平均污染指數從大到小為Cd、Cu、Pb、As，綜合污染指數未達污染級別。3種處理得到的半夏，中等大小（1.0 cm≤d≤1.5 cm）的塊莖各重金屬含量、平均污染指數、綜合污染指數均達到安全標準，屬于安全級別。施專用肥的半夏塊莖4種重金屬平均含量較低，是3種處理中最優的施肥方式。Cd為影響半夏清潔度的主要因子，在專用肥料的推廣中，應注重對土壤中Cd的控制。

關鍵詞：半夏（Pinellia ternata）；施肥方式；粒級；重金屬污染；評價

中圖分類號：S567.23+9；X821 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：0439-8114（2015）13-3186-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.13.030

Pollution Evaluation on Heavy Metals in Pinellia ternata

under Diverse Fertilizing Methods

ZHANG Hao1a，HE Teng-bing1a，1b，LIN Chang-hu2，WANG Wun-hua3，LIU Xiao-lan1a，FAN Bo1a，ZHAO Lu-yue1a

（1a.College of Agriculture；1b. Institute of New Rural Development， Guizhou University，Guiyang 550025，China；

2. The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences， Guiyang 550001，China；

3. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer， Guiyang 550025，China）

Abstract： Test includes three processing： applying fertilizer， planting habits （ash + SSP）， not fertilization. According to the testing requirements the researcher need to drying each processing of pinellia ternate. In accordance with the grading standards P. ternata is divided into large （d>1.5 cm）， medium （1.0 cm≤d≤1.5 cm） and small （d<1.0 cm）. Next it is necessary to determine the content of Pb，Cd，As，Cu that exists in different P. ternata tuber size. In the evaluation process researcher takes advantage of individual pollution index method and composite contamination index method. The results show that， specific fertilizer effect on heavy metal content in P. ternata with habits planting methods in the same. Average pollution index of heavy metal in P. ternata：Cd>Cu>Pb>As. From the point of comprehensive pollution index， P. ternata is not polluted. Medium size of P. ternata belongs to the cleaning level，and its average pollution index and synthetic pollution index don't exceed the limit. The average concentrations of heavy metals of P. ternata that use special fertilizers in the lowest and the yield in the highest，it was agreed that fertilizer is optimal fertilizer application in three ways. Cd is the main factor affecting the cleanliness of P. ternata. In the procedures of fertilizer marketing， research and development， should focus on the control of Cd in soil.

Key words： Pinellia ternata； fertilizing method； particle size； heavy metal pollution； evaluation