三七病毒病對三七產量和質量的影響研究

馬妮等

摘要 為探明三七病毒病對三七生物產量和質量的影響，深入到文山、硯山、西疇3個縣（市）4個鄉（鎮）的七園，采取隨機取樣法采集三年生病、健植株樣本，對比分析其生物學性狀、單株鮮重；采用HPLC法對比分析其三七皂苷含量，結果表明：三七病毒病對三七生物學性狀、三七有效成分含量均有不同程度的影響。感病三七與健康三七相比，株高平均降低27.60%、莖粗減少5.64%、中葉長及中葉寬分別減少26.95%、17.02%；單株鮮重平均減少達48.18%，說明三七病毒病可導致三七生物產量減少。感病三七皂苷含量表現出下降趨勢，其中R1減少0.15個百分點、Rg1減少1.7個百分點、Rb1減少0.3個百分點、總皂苷含量減少1.13個百分點，說明三七病毒病可導致三七質量下降。

關鍵詞 三七；病毒病；生物學性狀；單株鮮重；皂苷含量

中圖分類號 S435.67 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739（2015）14-0110-02

Effects of Notoginseng Virus Disease on Yield and Quality

MA Ni WANG Yong LIU Yun-zhi SUN Yu-qin CHEN Yu-jun *

（Sanqi Research Institute of Wenshan，Wenshan University，Wenshan Yunnan 663000）

Abstract This article collected three years illness and health plant samples to analyze biological character，fresh weight per plant and notoginseng saponin content. The samples from three counties inclouded four township. The notoginseng saponin content was determined by HPLC method（High Performance Liquid Chromatography）.Results showed that the notoginseng virus disease had different level influence on the biological character，fresh weight per plant and effective ingredient content of panax notoginseng.Compared with healthy plant，illness plant height reduced by 27.60% on average，stem diameter decreased by 5.64%，and the middle period of the length and middle period of width reduced by 26.95%，17.02%， respectively.Fresh weight per plant reduced by 48.18% on average.So notoginseng biological yield could be caused decrease by notoginseng virus disease.Infected notoginseng saponin content showed a downward trend，including R1 reduced by 0.15 percentage point，Rg1 reduced by 1.7 percentage point and Rb1 reduce by 0.3 percentage point，total saponin content decreased by 1.13 percentage point，so notoginseng virus disease could lead to the decrease of the quality of the notoginseng.

King words notoginseng；virus disease；biological character；fresh weight per plant；notoginseng saponin content.

三七[Panax notoginseng（Buck.）F.H.Chen]為五加科人參屬植物，是我國傳統名貴中藥材，具有較高的藥用價值，主產于我國云南文山。近年來，隨著三七的規模化種植，病毒病大面積發生[1]，已在一定程度上影響了三七生產。已有多位學者開展了三七病毒病病原的研究[2-10]、三七皺皺型病毒病與環境因子關系研究[1]、三七病毒病媒介昆蟲誘集試驗研究[11]、三七皺縮型病毒病發生規律研究[12]，但三七病毒病對產量和質量的影響研究尚未見報道。為此，筆者開展了相關研究，現將試驗結果報告如下。

1 材料與方法

1.1 三七樣本采集

分別深入文山、硯山、西疇三縣4個三年生三七園，采取隨機抽樣法，分別采集健康植株、已表現典型病毒病癥狀三七各10株，帶回實驗室待測。……