東江水源林林分改造對林木生長和林地植物多樣性的影響

呂遠輝等

摘要 研究了5種不同改造類型馬尾松林初期林木生長情況及林下植物多樣性，結果表明：①在造林初期，不同改造樹種的生長存在明顯差異。其中，紅錐和木荷長勢最好，生長最快；陰香、楓香、黧蒴和火力楠長勢中等，生長較快；樟樹生長速度最慢。②不同改造類型林下植物多樣性不同。紅錐×楓香自然式混交改造類型林下植物多樣性最高，其次是火力楠×黧蒴自然式混交改造類型和楓香×樟樹自然式混交改造類型，而木荷×陰香自然式混交改造類型和木荷×陰香行間混交改造類型較低。本研究是一個林分早期表現的探討，林分改造進一步的效應有待今后觀測研究。

關鍵詞 馬尾松；林分改造；鄉土闊葉樹種；林木生長；植物多樣性

中圖分類號 S718.5 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739（2015）14-0140-03

Effects on the Growth of Tree Species and Undergrowth Plant Biodiversity by Transformation of Water-Resource Forests in Dongjiang Area

LV Yuan-hui 1 SUN Tong-gao 2 HUANG Ying-he 2 LIU Wei 3 CHEN Hong-yue 2 *

（1 Dongyuan Forestry Bureau in Guangdong Province，Dongyuan Guangdong 517500； 2 College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture，South China Agricultural University； 3 Heyuan Forestry Bureau）

Abstract Growth of tree species and undergrowth plant biodiversity at the early time of 5 stand transformation types were studied and the main results were as follows：①There were obvious differences among the growth of transformating tree species.Castanopsis hystrix and Schima superba grew quickly while Cinnamomun burmanii，Liquidambar formosana，Castanopsis fissa. and Michelia macclurei grew relatively quickly and Cinnamomun camphora grew relatively slowly.②There were significant differences among undergrowth plant biodiversity of different transformation forms.The undergrowth plant biodiversity of natural mixed stands of M.macclurei×C.fissa and L.formosana×C.camphora were followed by C.hystrix×L.formosana which was the highest one.But that of the natural mixed stands and the line-mixed stands of S.superba×C.burmanii were relatively lower.The paper was just an early report and the farther effects study should be carried out in the future.

Key words Pinus massoniana lamb；forest stand transformation；native broad-leaved trees；growth of tree species；undergrowth plant biodiversity

林分改造是對低效低產的林分進行改造，具有優化群落結構、改善林分質量以及提高生態功能等重要作用，是提升森林生態功能等級的重要途徑。馬尾松林是低效生態公益林，屬林分改造的主要對象[1]。廣東省各地對馬尾松林分改造已取得了一定效果，如在東江地區進行馬尾松水源林改造對土壤產生了良好的作用[2]。

目前，廣東省還有很大面積的馬尾松林分亟待改造，研究馬尾松林分改造技術具有重要意義。本研究選擇東江水源林馬尾松低效林為對象，采用鄉土樹種進行改造示范，并對其造林初期的幼林生長和植物多樣性進行初步研究，旨在為馬尾松林和水源林改造及建設提供一定的理論依據和技術基礎。……