中國商務部駐印尼商務館舍，雅加達，印度尼西亞

建筑設計：單軍，劉玉龍/清華大學建筑學院，清華大學建筑設計研究院

中國商務部駐印尼商務館舍，雅加達，印度尼西亞

建筑設計：單軍，劉玉龍/清華大學建筑學院，清華大學建筑設計研究院

1 屋頂合院/Courtyard on roof

近年，隨著中國對外經貿合作的深入發展和對外業務的不斷增長，中國商務部駐世界各地的商務處面臨著新問題：使用上辦公面積的不足和形象上作為中國對外窗口的缺席。在這一背景下，2007年，中國商務部委托清華大學建筑學院和建筑設計研究院進行商務部駐印尼商務館舍的設計工作，以擴大辦公空間、樹立對外形象。為此，設計團隊進行了現場考察，并與大雅加達地區的規劃管理部門進行了溝通。

雖然項目總面積只有3000多m2，但因為涉及到當地規劃法規等問題，設計和建造歷時長達7年，于2014年8月建成并投入使用。該項目地段位于印尼首都雅加達南區的核心區，東臨中國大使館、南臨大使官邸，西側為低層居住建筑，東北和東南方向則多為高層公寓和酒店。地段用地南北長約65m，東西寬約49m，東側設主入口。

設計始于對該項目“飛地”特征的思考，并將對飛地建筑雙重地域性的表達貫穿于設計始終，即：作為建在他處的境外建筑，如何使建筑在契合建造地點“彼地”真實的異域氣候環境特征的同時，展現具有所屬國家與地區“此地”意義上的本土文化精神。

“彼地”（異地）的氣候與環境特征表達：項目包含辦公和居住兩個主要功能，設計依據地段周圍城市環境特征，采用了“館”與“舍”分置的錯落布局，在保持與大使館協調的同時，形成了介于高層酒店和低層民宅之間尺度的“中間”城市景觀。館舍屋頂格柵和北立面可滑動的遮陽板（因地處南半球，住宅樓北立面為受陽面，共設計了128塊遮陽板，其中可滑動遮陽板48塊），則分別體現了適應當地氣候條件的“雙層屋頂”和雙層立面的理念，它們在遮蔽當地強烈日照的同時，又保證了辦公與居住活動的私密性。

“此地”（本土）的文化與精神氣質表達：設計力圖在不同的層次上表達出中國傳統文化和當代精神。辦公樓入口雨棚、窗格及門廳天窗是中國傳統意象的直接體現，而入口窄院和屋頂回廊與北面住宅形成半圍合空間，則是對中國傳統院落空間意象和內涵的抽象式表達和意境式再現。建筑中可變遮陽板形成的豐富光影變化所傳遞出的形式不確定性和多樣性，則隱喻地展現了當代中國開放與多元的文化主題和精神氣質。

“此地”“彼地”作為設計理念不僅體現在設計中，也作為現實條件自始至終貫穿于項目的實現過程中。例如，外墻遮陽板原設計采用當地的木材，但由于建筑作為中國對外窗口的形象需滿足持久性要求，改為了金屬板；入口大門設計從安全性考慮設計為非透空形式，因為雅加達當地的規劃要求而變更為上虛下實的漸變式鏤空方案等等。因此，境外建筑設計，除了要考慮本土和異地之間共性的契合，也要考慮其相互間差異性的平衡，因而是一種典型的“此地”與“彼地”之間互動式設計與建造過程。

In recent years, under the development of China's international trade and economic cooperation and rapid increase of overseas business, the office buildings of Chinese Ministry of Commerce worldwide are faced with new challenges, including a shortage of office space and a lack of national image as a window for China towards the outside world. In 2007, Tsinghua Architectural Design and Research Institute was appointed by Chinese Ministry of Commerce to design its office building in Indonesia, with goals to expand working space and to create a positive national image. Therefore, the design team carried out an on-site investigation and communicated with the urban planning administration in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Although the total area of the project is only around 3000 square meters, it went through as long as 7 years from design to completion due to measures taken to comply with the local planning laws and regulations. It was finally completed in August, 2014, and put into use. The Office Building of Chinese Ministry of Commerce in Indonesia is located in the central area of the capital city of Jakarta. The project site is 65 meters long from north to south and 49 meters wide from east to west, with the main entrance on the east side. The Embassy of the People's Republic of China sits to the east and the ambassador's residence to the south. On the west, there are low-story residential buildings, with high-rise apartments and hotels to the northeast and southeast.

The design was initiated upon contemplation of the nature of the project as "an exclave". The expression of the twofold meaning of an exclave's regionality is carried out through the entire design process, i.e., located overseas, the architecture shall adapt to the local climate and environment that is distinctively "Right There"; meanwhile, it shall also represent the culture and spirit of its homeland that is "Right Here".

"Right There"－Representation of climate and environment in the foreign place: the project is composed of two functions, namely office and dwelling. Responding to the surrounding city context, the design separates the above two functions in a distributed layout, which is in harmony with the original Embassy building and forms a middle-scaled urban landscape between the high-rise hotels and the low-story residential buildings. Double layered roof with grille and double layered facade with sunshades are designed to adapt to local climate while ensuring privacy for working and living space. Since the project is located in the Southern Hemisphere, so the north facade is exposed to the sun. We designed a total of 128 shading panels, 48 of which are sliding panels.

"Right Here"－Representation of culture and spirit in the homeland: the design aims to reveal Chinese traditional cultures and contemporary spiritual quality in different aspects. The entrance canopy, windowpanes and hallway skylight are embodied with traditional Chinese patterns. The reinterpretation of Chinese traditional courtyard space and its connotation are best expressed in the entrance "Zhaiyuan" (a narrow courtyard), as well as the semi-enclosed space surrounded by corridors on the roof and residential space to the north. Additionally, the unpredictability and diversity of the building form expressed through richly changing light and shadows created by sliding sunshadesimply the open and diversified culture and spirit of contemporary China

3 總平面/Site plan

4 辦公樓與宿舍間的內庭院/Courtyard between the office building and dormitory

The concept of "Right Here" and "Right There" is not only expressed in the final design, but also adopted as realities through the entire process from design to completion. For instance, local timber was initially specified for exterior sunshades, but was eventually replaced by metal to fulfill the demand of presenting a more enduring image of the Chinese government. The main gate was originally designed as semi-solid due to safety concerns, but was changed to a upper-hallow lower-solid gate because of requirements of the local planning regulations. Above all, architecture design at exclaves shall not only synthesize the duality of "Right Here" and "Right There", but also balance their differences. As such, it becomes a typical interactive design and construction process between "Right Here" and "Right There".

5 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

6 三層平面/Floor 2 plan

7 四層平面/Floor 3 plan

8 辦公樓入口窄院/Entrance of the office building

9 南立面/South elevation

10 東立面/East elevation

11 從辦公樓屋頂合院門廊看宿舍/View of the dormitory from the courtyard on the roof of office building

12.13 雙層立面圖示/Diagram, double-layer facade

評論

王昀：中國商務部駐印尼商務館舍的設計從當地的氣候入手，選取擁有遮陽功能的可移動遮陽窗板作為“本土”文化的聯想觸發裝置，巧妙地避開了“裝飾性面板”的困擾。遮陽窗板的可推拉與變換性，增加了建筑本身的裝置性特征。而從西南角鳥瞰該商務館舍與其周邊的幾棟“過往”建筑，感受到隨時代而變化著的關于如何表述“中國”的思考 。

青鋒：在羅安達美國領事館的設計中，路易?康出于光照與氣候的考慮采用了雙層墻面與雙層屋頂的設計，這成為他后期的標志性語匯。面對類似的條件，商務部駐印尼商務館舍對類似策略的使用卻還有另外一種文化層面——中國傳統建筑界面中由窗格、挑檐、回廊構建的過渡領域。它使建筑原本堅硬方整的邊界具備了更大的縱深與文化內涵。

14 宿舍樓雙層立面/Double-layer facade of the dormitory

15 辦公樓雙層屋面/Double-layer roof, office building

16 雙層屋面圖示/Diagram, double-layer roof

17 剖面/Section

Comments

WANG Yun: The design of the Office Building of the Ministry of Commerce of China in Indonesia is based on analysis of the local climate. The installation of sliding shade panels as the trigger to remind people of "local" culture, avoids problems caused by the "decorative panel" in a delicate way. The movable and changeable nature of the shade panels adds the assembling characteristics to the architecture. Overlooking from the southwest towards the new building and the nearby "original" buildings, one can see the changing representations of the "Chinese" character as time goes by.

QING Feng: Louis Kahn used double-layer roof and double-layer wall in his design for the United States Consulate in Luanda, Angola, to prevent the extreme heat and sunshine. This motif became dominant in his later works. Similar conditions led to similar solutions in this project. Besides these climate considerations, there is another cultural dimension – the transitional area in traditional Chinese architectural interface created by window lattice, extended eave and open corridor. It clearly softens the rigid volume of the building, and gives it an additional depth and cultural meaning.

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 中華人民共和國商務部/Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China

主持建筑師/Principal Architects：單軍，劉玉龍/SHAN Jun, LIU Yulong

建筑設計團隊/Project Team: 鐵雷，王育娟，趙瞳，孫顯，程曉曦，吳艷，王鑫，康茜，王飛/TIE Lei, WANG Yujuan, ZHAO Tong, SUN Xian, CHENG Xiaoxi, WU Yan, WANG Xin, KANG Qian, WANG Fei

建設單位/Contractor: 北京城建集團有限責任公司/Beijing Urban Construction Group Co. Ltd

建筑面積/Floor Area: 3160m2

設計時間/Design Period: 2007-2012

攝影/Photos: 鐵雷/TIE Lei

Office Building of Chinese Ministry of Commerce in Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2014

Architects: SHAN Jun, LIU Yulong/Tsinghua Architecture School, Architectural Design & Research Institute of Tsinghua University