個(gè)人活動(dòng)：愛(ài)沙尼亞館

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：KTA建筑事務(wù)所

Architects: Kadarik Tüür Arhitektid

個(gè)人活動(dòng)：愛(ài)沙尼亞館

Individual Activities: Estonian Pavilion

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：KTA建筑事務(wù)所

Architects: Kadarik Tüür Arhitektid

1 概要

愛(ài)沙尼亞館的命名——“——的展廊”，貼切地概括了這座場(chǎng)館的氣質(zhì)。更廣泛來(lái)講，這一命名體現(xiàn)了這樣一個(gè)概念：愛(ài)沙尼亞是一個(gè)小而充滿(mǎn)活力與智慧的國(guó)家，每個(gè)公民的自主性以及境外投資和國(guó)際合作，都會(huì)影響它運(yùn)行的方式。

“——的展廊”是一個(gè)開(kāi)放的創(chuàng)意平臺(tái)，而富有創(chuàng)造性的愛(ài)沙尼亞人將會(huì)賦予其生命力與內(nèi)涵。該場(chǎng)館的建筑設(shè)計(jì)希望為多樣化的表演、展覽、活動(dòng)與講演營(yíng)造最佳環(huán)境，并以此作為整體設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。愛(ài)沙尼亞館并非誕生于“為形式而創(chuàng)造形式”的動(dòng)因，而是作為一個(gè)承載框架，進(jìn)而以展覽內(nèi)容賦予建筑生命。

該場(chǎng)館的設(shè)計(jì)哲學(xué)與北歐斯堪的納維亞人的民主價(jià)值觀緊密相連——尊重每一個(gè)體自我表達(dá)與創(chuàng)造的權(quán)力。實(shí)際上，這座場(chǎng)館正如同愛(ài)沙尼亞——一個(gè)小而充滿(mǎn)活力的民主國(guó)家——的微縮模型：它的發(fā)展與一切在那里生活、游訪的人息息相關(guān)。伴隨著新鮮的想法和現(xiàn)代的應(yīng)用程序，集體創(chuàng)意成果在這里成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。愛(ài)沙尼亞館的最終形態(tài)將由愛(ài)沙尼亞創(chuàng)意群體與所有的參觀者共同塑造，參觀者同時(shí)沉浸于自然、科技、文化與美食之中，來(lái)完成對(duì)愛(ài)沙尼亞的全方位體驗(yàn)。

更廣泛來(lái)講，一個(gè)開(kāi)放的平臺(tái)意味著透明而靈活的商業(yè)環(huán)境——它迎接嶄新的原創(chuàng)，也尊重與全球進(jìn)程的呼應(yīng)和連接。這一概念充溢于令?lèi)?ài)沙尼亞引以為豪的活動(dòng)和創(chuàng)意中，在展館三層的旋轉(zhuǎn)式展臺(tái)呈現(xiàn)的多個(gè)主題展覽中，觀者的視角得到放大：這里提供了一個(gè)單獨(dú)的展區(qū)，集中展示創(chuàng)新公司、地產(chǎn)提案、綠色鄉(xiāng)企、鄉(xiāng)村旅游、創(chuàng)意行業(yè)與藝術(shù)作品。通過(guò)這些展覽，我們?cè)噲D將講述的故事與展館的統(tǒng)一主題緊密關(guān)聯(lián)——充滿(mǎn)自然、創(chuàng)造與革新的愛(ài)沙尼亞。

場(chǎng)館同時(shí)也切合了世博會(huì)的主題“滋養(yǎng)地球，生命之源”。通過(guò)綠色建造和建筑模塊的后續(xù)回收利用，向愛(ài)沙尼亞有機(jī)食材和杰出廚師致意的食物項(xiàng)目，以及在展館首層、三層展開(kāi)的詳盡展覽，愛(ài)沙尼亞的故事從自然之中孕育，進(jìn)而借助當(dāng)代科技及設(shè)計(jì)被賦予新穎形式與實(shí)用功能。

1 外景/Exterior view

賓客們?cè)趫?chǎng)館中可以自由選擇專(zhuān)屬的活動(dòng)、陳列抑或故事來(lái)編織每個(gè)人獨(dú)一無(wú)二的愛(ài)沙尼亞體驗(yàn)。最重要的是，每個(gè)人進(jìn)入場(chǎng)館后都將擁有難以忘懷的記憶——溫暖、開(kāi)放而友善的氛圍，包裹著使人心情激昂的現(xiàn)實(shí)陳列、令人目不轉(zhuǎn)睛的故事講述、叫人耳界大開(kāi)的自然之聲，在這里可以看到科技的簡(jiǎn)潔之美，也能在品嘗美味的同時(shí)欣賞曼妙的音樂(lè)。

2 場(chǎng)館設(shè)計(jì)詳述

2.1 核心構(gòu)想

愛(ài)沙尼亞館被設(shè)想為一個(gè)容納表演活動(dòng)和展示創(chuàng)意成果的多功能空間環(huán)境。空間意味和氛圍的構(gòu)想首要來(lái)源于發(fā)生于其中的空間行為與事件（如音樂(lè)會(huì)、展覽、講演、會(huì)議等）。

而場(chǎng)館的建筑學(xué)準(zhǔn)則則是營(yíng)造出明確的空間特征，以使參觀者從中感知到愛(ài)沙尼亞的真正面貌。這座場(chǎng)館將被建造為一座充滿(mǎn)自然與創(chuàng)意的展廊。

2.2 布局與功能

展館由一系列錯(cuò)列疊置的方體“鳥(niǎo)巢箱”組成，構(gòu)成了朝向俄羅斯國(guó)家館和沿組團(tuán)內(nèi)道路延展的主要體量。

每個(gè)“鳥(niǎo)巢箱”都是一個(gè)小而獨(dú)立、如同包廂一般的包裹式挑高空間。

在世博會(huì)結(jié)束后，這些模塊組裝單元將被運(yùn)回愛(ài)沙尼亞，并用于兒童游戲場(chǎng)、自然觀景處或公交站亭等。理論上，將整座愛(ài)沙尼亞館拆除并在運(yùn)回國(guó)內(nèi)后完全原樣重組具有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。

“——的展廊”面向東西向世博軸的南向主入口被置于一個(gè)巨大高聳的懸挑雨棚之下，直接呈現(xiàn)出寬敞的內(nèi)部空間，為游客帶來(lái)極具沖擊力的視覺(jué)體驗(yàn)。次入口還有兩個(gè)：一個(gè)連接北部廣場(chǎng)，一個(gè)在箱體之間通向街道。

憑借其開(kāi)放性，愛(ài)沙尼亞館在表達(dá)對(duì)世博游客盛情邀請(qǐng)的同時(shí)，也暗示了愛(ài)沙尼亞人對(duì)創(chuàng)新、對(duì)世界的開(kāi)放心態(tài)。

建筑共有3層。首層包含廚房及附屬部分、酒吧和紀(jì)念品柜臺(tái)，“鳥(niǎo)巢箱”形成的舒適“包廂”式空間與同層的其他展陳空間一起，為參觀者了解愛(ài)沙尼亞提供了充足的信息，來(lái)滿(mǎn)足游客對(duì)愛(ài)沙尼亞的認(rèn)知渴望。

從東西大道的主入口一進(jìn)入，是一個(gè)由1.2m×1.2m模塊組成的舞臺(tái)空間，這部分空間可以根據(jù)需求進(jìn)行靈活調(diào)整、重新組合。

通往二層的交通方式包括沿建筑西立面展開(kāi)的狹窄樓梯和位于建筑中央寬敞的兩段式單跑樓梯。在二層中，主要的展區(qū)聚焦于愛(ài)沙尼亞及其企業(yè)和行業(yè)部門(mén)，向觀眾深入介紹各行業(yè)成就。與之類(lèi)似，位于同一層中的“黑麥吧”詳細(xì)講述了愛(ài)沙尼亞生產(chǎn)潔凈黑麥的故事。

三層的空間基調(diào)由屋頂花園塑造，該花園中種植了愛(ài)沙尼亞特有的植被、樹(shù)木種類(lèi)。植物種植于獨(dú)立容器中，相互之間還預(yù)留了漫步和閑坐的空間，邀請(qǐng)參觀者在這里停留，甚至鼓勵(lì)人們進(jìn)行野餐——地面層還有售賣(mài)外帶野餐套餐的地方。

三層的交通連接通過(guò)北側(cè)的多個(gè)樓梯間實(shí)現(xiàn)。緊鄰北側(cè)背立面的廣場(chǎng)上方，布置了容納小型會(huì)議的休息室，其家具陳設(shè)柔軟舒適，并提供了望向三層花園的觀景視角。

建筑總共的3層空間全部通過(guò)樓梯間提供了方便的交通，主要樓梯向任何人開(kāi)放，而背面的樓梯承載疏散功能或被員工使用。此外，場(chǎng)館中將安裝一個(gè)升降電梯來(lái)滿(mǎn)足無(wú)障礙需求。

2.3 室內(nèi)建筑環(huán)境

（1）室內(nèi)建筑概念

若從更大范圍的東晉君臣的精神生活看，因佛學(xué)在渡江之初便開(kāi)始深入上層社會(huì)尤其皇帝的日常生活，佛學(xué)對(duì)東晉儒學(xué)的挑戰(zhàn)更是空前與令人觸目驚心的，其已直接滲透到了東晉皇族教育。上文已梳理了玄學(xué)對(duì)東晉儒學(xué)的挑戰(zhàn)及其世人的應(yīng)對(duì)，下面再重點(diǎn)分析佛學(xué)對(duì)東晉時(shí)期皇帝教育的侵蝕及其江左君臣的呼應(yīng)：

場(chǎng)館的室內(nèi)空間設(shè)計(jì)基于內(nèi)外部環(huán)境的綜合考量，并希望打破內(nèi)外部建筑環(huán)境之間的邊界壁壘。這種統(tǒng)一性通過(guò)木材表面的重復(fù)使用進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，沿建筑的像素化結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)造出韻律性的重復(fù)。空間設(shè)計(jì)要盡可能容納更多功能，因此可能會(huì)根據(jù)需求和實(shí)時(shí)功能進(jìn)行重新布置。室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)以簡(jiǎn)潔為主，從而為廣泛使用在展館中的LED展示屏幕提供謙遜、低調(diào)的背景。

基于空間理性化的想法，模塊木盒子中將應(yīng)用許多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品：秋千模塊、二層的LED屏幕模塊、三層的旋轉(zhuǎn)式展臺(tái)模塊、會(huì)議室模塊和一系列附屬物品。

（2）空間和功能模塊概念

首層的公共開(kāi)放區(qū)域，一部分布置了綠色盆栽植物，能夠承載多功能的活動(dòng)，并提供靈活調(diào)整的可變性。該公共區(qū)域被規(guī)律布置的兩種箱體環(huán)繞圍合，即充滿(mǎn)活力的秋千“鳥(niǎo)巢箱”與具有LED屏幕的永久展覽“鳥(niǎo)巢箱”。靠近附屬功能區(qū)的水池，還為游客提供了可飲用的純凈水。

二層的空間則更為私密。黑麥主題吧與吊椅休息區(qū)位于中央，結(jié)合幾組桌椅和吧臺(tái)凳，為談話和餐飲活動(dòng)提供了便利空間。空間邏輯在一層得到延續(xù)——仍然以展陳、秋千箱體交替出現(xiàn)的方式進(jìn)行布置。

三層的屋頂花園是開(kāi)放的，其邊緣布置了供嘉賓和會(huì)晤使用的會(huì)議室。花園中的植物種植槽之間設(shè)有座椅模塊和提供柔和暖光的照明島。屋頂花園周?chē)贾昧藥в昱锏恼估龋ㄟ^(guò)它連接辦公/會(huì)議區(qū)域。

角落、縫隙的概念和私密箱體的概念在整座建筑中也通過(guò)燈光設(shè)計(jì)得以強(qiáng)化，這一照明系統(tǒng)還能夠根據(jù)自然光狀況進(jìn)行自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)。□（陳茜 譯）

2 外景/Exterior view

3 外景/Exterior view

4 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

5 外景/Exterior view

1 Introduction

The title of the Estonian pavilion, "Gallery of _", symbolises the nature of the entire pavilion and, more broadly, the idea that Estonia is a dynamic and smart small country: every citizen's initiative, every foreign investment, as well as international collaborations and foreign investors, affect how it fares.

"Gallery of __" is an open platform for creative Estonian people, who will fill it with life and content. The architecture of the entire pavilion is created based on the idea that it should provide the best conditions for holding various performances, exhibitions, actions and presentations. Rather than form for form's sake, the pavilion is a framework for content that will bring the building to life.

More broadly, an open platform also means a transparent and flexible business environment that favours new initiatives and responsible connections to global processes. Upon closer inspection, this idea informs all the activities and initiatives that we are proud of Estonia. We also wish to zoom in on the 2nd floor of the pavilion in rotating themed exhibitions: a separate exhibition area will be provided here for the focused presentation of innovative companies, e-state solutions, green rural enterprise, rural tourism, creative sectors and fine arts. All presented themes and stories told by us will be intertwined with the pervasive theme of the pavilion: Estonia as a country of nature, creativity and innovation.

The pavilion will be linked to the main theme of the Expo "Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life" through a number of strategies: the green executionof the pavilion and the subsequent recycling of its modules, a food programme paying tribute to organic Estonian raw ingredients and talented chefs, and the permanent exhibition recounting on both the ground floor and 2nd floor; Estonia's naturalborn stories are given a novel form and functionality by means of contemporary technology and design.

Guests at the pavilion have free choice of what activities, facts or stories are to be woven into their personal experience of Estonia. The most important thing that anyone entering the pavilion should remember is a warm, open and hospitable atmosphere, laced with exciting facts, gripping stories, rare sounds of nature, simple yet elegant technology, tasty bites and good music.

6 外景/Exterior view

2 Description of the pavilion

2.1 Central idea

The pavilion is created to be a multi-functional environment for holding performances and presenting creative output. The space will draw its meaning and atmosphere primarily from events held at the pavilion (concerts, exhibitions, presentations, conferences etc.).

The architectural premise for the pavilion will be a space with a clear identity, enabling visitors to get an idea of what Estonia is about. The pavilion is structured as a gallery of nature and creativity.

2.2 Description of the layout and functionalities

The pavilion is composed of "nestboxes" stacked off-centre like cubes, forming the main volume of the building towards the Russian pavilion and along the side of the road inside the quarter.

A "nestbox" is a high room creating a chamberlike, sectioned-off area of space.

After the end of the Expo, these modularassembly elements Could be used as children's playgrounds, natural viewing points or bus stop shelters. Theoretically, it will be possible to dismantle the entire Estonian pavilion and to reassemble it in exactly the same form in another location.

The main entrance of "Gallery of_" from Decumanus opens towards the south under a high, lofty awning, which along with the spacious interior creates a powerful experience. Additionally, there will be entrances from the plaza to the north and between boxes from the street.

With its openness, the pavilion both invites Expo visitors and alludes to Estonians' openness to innovations and the world.

The building has three floors. The ground floor houses a kitchen with ancillary facilities, bars and a souvenir stand. Furthermore, "nestboxes" form cosy "compartments", which together with the rest of the exhibition space on the ground floor provide visitors with an opportunity to quench their thirst for information about Estonia.

Immediately upon entering from Decumanus, there is an area planned for a stage which, consisting of 1.2 ×1.2m modules, will be flexible and capable of being readily re-arranged as needed.

Access to the first floor will be provided by a narrow stairway rising along the west side of the building and an airy double-flight stairway at the centre of the building. On the first floor, the main exhibition area profiles Estonia, our entrepreneurs and sectors, where visitors will be able to explore in-depth sectoral achievements. Similarly, the first floor will house a "rye bar" recounting the story of Estonia as a unique country producing clean rye.

The second floor houses a roof garden where plants and trees characteristic of Estonia set the tone. Plants are placed in dedicated containers with space in between for walking or sitting, inviting visitors to also have a picnic if they so desire, with a picnic set bought from the ground floor to take away.

Access to the second floor is provided with staircases on the north side of the building. Adjacent to the rear northern side of the building above the small plaza, a lounge has been planned for holding business meetings for a smaller group of people in a cosy setting on soft furniture with a view of the garden on the second floor.

In addition, the second floor houses utility rooms and facilities for the staff and management of the pavilion.

All three floors are inter-connected by stairs, with the main stairs open to all and the rear ones used as escape stairs or by staff moving between various floors. Furthermore, a platform lift will be installed in the building for handicapped persons.

2.3. Interior architecture

(1) Interior architecture concept

The interior design is based on a single comprehensive scheme for both exterior and interior spaces, doing away with boundaries between the two. Comprehensiveness is emphasised by copious use ofwooden surfaces, creating rhythmic repetitions along with the pixel structure of the building. The design of the space is meant to be as multi-functional as possible, so that it may be re-arranged according to need and the programs taking place at the pavilion. The interior design will be simple and intended as a neutral backdrop for the widely used LED-screen presentation space in the interior.

Based on the rationale for the space, wooden box modules will employ various standard designs: swing module, presentation modules with LED screens on floor one, rotating exhibition module on floor two, conference room module and blocks of ancillary facilities.

(2) Concept for spatial and functional modules

The open general area on the ground floor with a green counter of potted plants creates a fresh and flexible space to accommodate various program events. The general area on the ground floor is bordered by rhythmically alternating energy swing nests and permanent exhibition nests with LED screens. Near the block of ancillary facilities, there are drinking fountains of clean water for visitors.

First floor provides more privacy. In the middle, there is a rye-themed bar and an area with suspended chairs for hanging out, complemented by groups of tables with bar stools for conversation and supporting food or drink. The spatial rationale of floor one continues, with exhibition space alternating with private energy swing nests.

The roof garden on the second floor is open to all interested visitors; it is lined up with conference rooms for invited guests and meeting appointments. Between plant boxes in the roof garden are modular areas for sitting and an oasis with a dime and warm lighting design. The roof garden is surrounded by a gallery with an awning, giving access to the block of offices and conference rooms.

The concept of nooks and crannies and of private nests for the entire building will be supported also by the lighting design for the pavilion, which will be automatically adjustable according to the natural night / day light conditions.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

初步設(shè)計(jì)/Preliminary Design: Kadarik Tüür Arhitektid Oü (Ott Kadarik, Mihkel Tüür, Priit Hamer, Kadri Tamme, Liis M?gi, Tanel Trepp, Kristi Tuurmann)

平面設(shè)計(jì)/Graphic Design: Uku-Kristjan Küttis, Kaarel Kala, Alari Orav AKU

近期階段/Recent Stages: Kadarik Tüür Arhitektid Oü - Ott Kadarik, Mihkel Tüür, Priit Hamer, Kadri Tamme, Liis M?gi客戶(hù)/Client: EAS

施工設(shè)計(jì)/Construction Design: Civen Oü

承建方/Builder: Redaelli Costruzioni S.p.A.

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Design: Civen Oü

使用面積/Gross Useable Floor Space: 1200m2

項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始/Start of Work: 2013

項(xiàng)目結(jié)束/Completion of Work: 2015

結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure: 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)/Steel

樓板/Floor: 混凝土，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)/Concrete, steel structure

墻面層/Walls Surfaces: 木質(zhì)/Wood

攝影/Photos: Filippo Poli, 張璐/ZHANG Lu(fig.10)

9 內(nèi)景/Interior view

10 外景/Exterior view

評(píng)論

蘇丹：愛(ài)沙尼亞館努力追求建造的“輕盈”方式，它體現(xiàn)了建造活動(dòng)和土地友善的態(tài)度。形態(tài)方面是一個(gè)明確地表達(dá)了可移動(dòng)概念的建構(gòu)，在體量組合方式、材料選用和構(gòu)造處理方面保持了清晰的邏輯。“輕盈”的另一方面表現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的設(shè)置和活動(dòng)的組織上，輕松，得體，令人耳目一新。這種“輕盈”的創(chuàng)造和許多關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)和食品主題的宏大敘事方式相得益彰。

張璐：這座房子與其說(shuō)是建筑物，還不如說(shuō)是木頭箱子堆積起來(lái)的四面透空的構(gòu)筑物，這就是米蘭世博會(huì)的愛(ài)沙尼亞館。與鄰居俄羅斯館不約而同地選擇了巨大的懸挑屋頂平臺(tái)而變得醒目。以全木材質(zhì)顯示其富饒森林資源的在地性，以自由開(kāi)放的空間顯示其活潑好客的民族性。因此名字選擇用獨(dú)特的畫(huà)廊取代常見(jiàn)的館，充分詮釋了這份國(guó)民性格的本真。首層木頭盒子里面居然隱藏著一排秋千，從旁邊的道路上，會(huì)看到一個(gè)又一個(gè)五顏六色的小朋友從屋子里面蕩出來(lái)悠回去，令人印象深刻。這份童心成功地使你忘卻了這個(gè)溫潤(rùn)的原木堆砌的國(guó)家館的建筑本身，只記住了陽(yáng)光般的友善。

Comments

SU Dan: The design pursues a "light-weighted" architectural form, reflecting the environmentalfriendly attitude of construction activities and land use. In morphology, the structure expresses the idea of movability explicitly; and the clear logic can be seen in the pattern of combination of architectural parts in different sizes, choosing various materials, and structural techniques. In addition, the "light-weighted" design is also represented in the content arrangement and the organization of activities in the pavilion with a relaxing and appropriate atmosphere that invokes a refreshed feeling. This "light-weighted" structure complements to the macro narrative on the main themes of agriculture and food.

ZHANG Lu: Instead of being one block of building, this architecture can be considered as a tetrahedral openwork structure piled up with wooden boxes. This is the Estonian Gallery of Milan Expo. Due to the use of a huge cantilevered roof terrace by mere coincidence, both the Estonian Gallery and its neighborhood Russian Pavilion are eye-catching. The full-wooden materials showcase their rich forest resources in the site, and the free and open spaces represent their vivacious and hospitable nationality. Therefore, a unique name, "gallery", is selected by them to use instead of the commonly used "pavilion", which fully illustrates their true national characters. It is impressed that in the wooden boxes on the first floor there is a row of swings hidden inside, and from the view of the adjacent road, you can find many kids in colorful clothes playing swings inside. Thanks to the childlike innocence, you will successfully forget the building itself which is piled up with raw wood of gentle feel into a national pavilion, and brand in mind the sunshine friendliness.