似穩條件下磁通量計算與中空螺旋管式無極燈
陽賓1陳奮策2
(1.廈門大學嘉庚學院機電工程系,福建漳州363105;2.福建教育學院理科研修部,福建福州350025)
摘要:在似穩狀態下,從電磁理論出發,討論通過某一回路曲面的磁通量的計算、法拉第電磁感應定律;并應用于中空螺旋管式線圈無極燈能量耦合機制和結構的探究,以使增大其有效磁通量,提高對電子有效加速,最終提高其發光效率的有效途徑。
關鍵詞:似穩狀態;磁通量;法拉第電磁感應定律
作者簡介:陽賓(1983-),男,廣西桂林人,廈門大學嘉庚學院機電工程系助理工程師。
中圖分類號:O441.3文獻標識碼:A
1引言
電磁學中似穩電路的必要條件[1,2]
λ>>l,T>>l/c,ω=wπf<<2πc/l
①
其中f是電源的頻率,T周期,l電路(電子儀器)的尺寸,λ電磁波的波長;似穩電路還需滿足充分條件,即似穩交流電路中的元件把電磁場集中在自己內部小范圍內。
似穩電路中,以電源的圓頻率變化的電流通過導體,在導體周圍會形成交變的電磁場,即電磁波;在此以光速c傳播的電磁波及其變化傳遍整個電路所需要的l/c時間內,電磁波的位相近似不變;每一時刻電磁場的分布與同一時刻的電流、電荷的分布的關系,近似和穩恒電路一樣,一起同步地做緩慢的變化。
文章在似穩近似下,以工作頻率在230KHz左右一種最近實用新型專利[3]提出的中空螺旋管式線圈無極燈為例,從電磁理論高度討論無極燈螺旋管產生的磁通量分布與計算,以及對燈泡內電子有效加速情況。
2似穩條件下磁通量計算
2.1磁通量的物理圖像


②
在經典物理中[2,4],法拉第電磁感應定律表述了產生的感應電動勢與磁通量的關系。磁通量Φ的定義為覆蓋某面積的磁場的積分:

③
④

2.2.1似穩狀態下交流電流產生的磁場

⑤
例如,圖1示意通以似穩交流電流的螺繞線圈和其產生的磁場。

圖1
2.2.2似穩條件下磁通量的計算
相似于似穩狀態下交流電流產生的磁場的討論,公式③④⑤在似穩條件①下都成立,似穩狀態下磁通量的計算可以延用公式③,即:

③
3似穩條件下磁通量的計算與應用
3.1外置型中空螺旋管式線圈產生的磁場分布
現以磁環外置型中空螺旋管式無極燈為例,如圖2所示,實用新型專利[3]一種新型節能無極燈,在燈座1上設置一射頻功率源2;射頻功率源上設置有兩端非封閉的燈殼3、中空玻璃管4,中空玻璃管內設置有中空鐵磁芯5,中空鐵磁芯纏繞有通電線圈6;中空玻璃管兩端與燈殼密閉連接形成燈管7;中空鐵磁芯中心兩端連通空氣。圖2是實用新型實施例結構示意圖。

圖2
一般實驗室電子儀器的尺寸或用電器如無極燈)的尺寸l為幾厘米到幾十厘米的量級,例如80瓦無極燈電源頻率f=230kHz< B=μnl0 ⑥ 圖3是螺繞管式線圈在磁棒內外的交變磁場線分布(理想化)與磁棒四周的環路示意圖。 圖3 3.2穿過螺繞管式線圈-磁棒四周環路的磁通量 3.3提高有效磁通量的途徑與作用 我們知道,無極燈主要由頻率發生器、功率耦合器和玻璃泡殼三部分組成,通過電磁感應方式將能量耦合到燈泡內;燈泡內充有適量的特種氣體,耦合到燈泡內的高頻能量使之電離或激發,激發后的原子從較高能級返回基態時,發出紫外光子,紫外光子激發泡殼內壁的熒光粉產生可見光。 根據前面的討論,穿過環路的磁通量不同,在環路上產生的交變電場也不同,對燈泡內電子的加速效果也不同,導致熒光粉產生可見光的效果也不同。改變燈的結構和形狀,可以使回路中有最佳的有效磁通量,從而得到最近的交變電場,提高對電子的加速效果(減少電子無效的熱運動),最終提高發光效率。實用新型專利[3]中空螺旋管式無極燈的結構設計正是為了克服市面上燈泡型無極燈存在的缺點:通電線圈外磁力線分布不合理,降低了燈殼內有效的磁通量和有效交變電場,導致降低對燈殼內電子的有效加速效果,因而降低燈的發光效率。 另外,該實用新型中空的鐵磁芯直接連通空氣,對磁芯的散熱快,及時降低磁芯的溫度,提高磁芯的耦合效率,從而提高發光效率;另外還可降低成本。 以上從電磁理論高度,在似穩近似下,探究似穩交變電流產生的磁通量計算原則,探究法拉第電磁感應定律的形式;并應用于中空螺旋管式無極燈的結構設計,提出提高有效磁通量,以提高其發光效率的有效途徑。 參考文獻: [1]陳奮策.似穩條件與無極燈工作原理[J].福建教育學院學報,2014(6). [2]趙凱華,陳熙謀.電磁學[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1978. [3]陳奮策.實用新型專利“中空螺旋管式線圈新型節能無極燈”(專利號:中國,ZL201420220738.4)[P]. [4]郭碩鴻.電動力學[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997. On Approaches to Constructing New Ideological and Political Modes in Vocational Colleges Centering on Professional Quality Culture LIN Bing-zhiLIN Hai-rongCHEN Shu-fang (Fuzhou Polytechnic,Fuzhou 350108,China) Abstract:Based on actual situations, this paper proposes the necessity of constructing vocational colleges’ new ideological and political education modes centering on professional quality culture and approaches to their construction. It also puts forward the strengthening of the building of the teaching forces to improve the level of education; the enriching of the content of ideological and political education combining professional quality culture; the enhancing of mental health education to improve the students’ psychological quality; the using of campus culture as the basis to strengthen the training of professional quality; and the strengthening of social practice to enhance the education of the students. Key words:higher vocational colleges; professional quality culture; ideological and political education; approach Changes of the Creation of Female Novels Since the Late 70s of the 20th Century LIN Shan (Fujian Open University, Fuzhou 350003, China) Abstract:Since the late 70s of the 20th century, the creation of female novels has gone through the four stages of renaissance, development, change, and expansion. Respectively, they expressed enlightenment narrative full of humanity feelings, gender narrative full of female consciousness, physical narrative full of “private” characteristics, underclass narrative and historical narrative full of femininity. Key words:enlightenment narrative; gender narrative; physical narrative; underclass narrative; historical narrative The Culture of Pleurotus Liquid and the Analysis of Extracellular Polymeric Substances YI Jun1CHEN Ti-qiang2 (1. Department of Science Research and Training,Fujian Institute of Education,Fuzhou 350025,China; 2. Edible Fungi Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China) Abstract:To ascertain the effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the mycelial growth of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer, the exo-polymers dynamic accumulation and its chemical composition. By liquid fermentation, the results showed that the mycelial growth was better in the medium of fructose as the carbon source than that of glucose as the carbon source, with biotransformation rate of 37.18~48.53%, and mycelium (lyophilized) yield 12.64±0.41~16.50±0.51 g / L; the mycelial growth in the medium of yeast powder as nitrogen source was better than that of peptone as nitrogen source, with biotransformation rate 28.06~33.68%, mycelium yield 9.54±0.79~11.45±0.73g / L. After 6~14d or 6~20 d inoculation, the exo-polymer has a smooth high level contents. The exo-polymer content (0.12~0.16g / L) in Gpy (glucose-yeast) medium was significantly higher than that in Fpy (fructose-yeast) medium (0.11~0.12g / L).GC was used to analyze the monosaccharide in the exo-polymer. The results showed that the exo-polymer was a heteropolysaccharide, and its monosaccharide composition included glucose, mannose and galactose. The exo-polymer yield was higher than the total weights of its monosaccharide. In this study, Fpy medium can be used to increase the mycelia yield, and Gpy medium to increase the exo-polymer yield. Key words:Pleurotus tuber-regium; liquid culture; mycelium yield; exo-polymer; component analysis
