詞匯短語園地 2

1. hunger n. 饑餓

His hunger increases by the hour.

他的饑餓感每時每刻都在增加。

Hunger is often the mother of crime.

饑餓常是犯罪的根源。

vi. hunger for/after sth/sb 渴望得到某物/人

The whole world hungers for/after peace.

全世界的人都渴望和平。

2. income n. 收入；收益；所得

Tony lives beyond his income.

托尼的花費超出其收入。

Tourism is a major source of income for the area.

旅游業是這個地區的主要收入來源。

high/low income 高/低收入

live within ones income 量入為出

3. human n. 人

Dogs can hear much better than humans.

狗的聽覺比人靈敏多了。

Wolves will not usually attack humans.

狼通常不會襲擊人。

human = human being

adj. 人的；人類的；有人性的

This meat is not fit for human consumption.

這種肉不適合人食用。

He is quite human after all.

他畢竟還是挺人性的。

4. measure vt. 測定；測量；評估

vi. 有……長（寬、高等）

We measured the distance.

我們測量了距離。

She measured the stranger with her eyes.

她用雙眼打量著那個陌生人。

The lake measures 130 by 80 kilometers.

這座湖長130千米，寬80千米。

5. goal n. 目標

The company has set itself some long-term goals.

公司為整個機構定下一些長期目標。

She pursues the goal of perfection in her art.

在藝術中，她追求完美的目標。

比較：aim，goal，purpose的區別

aim從本義“靶子”引申而來，側重比較具體而明確的目標，常指短期目標。goal指經過考慮和選擇，需經堅持不懈和努力奮斗才能達到的最終目標。purpose指的是一般的“目的”。

Our goal is to build a just and peaceful world.

我們的目標是建立一個公正和平的世界。

My aim is to become a policeman.

我的目標是當一個警察。

What is the purpose of his visit？

他來訪的目的是什么？

6. figure n. 數字（可數名詞，通常用作復數）

By 2010， this figure had risen to 14 million.

到2010年為止，這個數字已高達1400萬。

Where did you get those figures？

你從哪兒得到那些數字的？

7. position n. 位置

From his position on the top of the cliff， he had a good view of the harbour.

在懸崖之巔，海港景色一覽無余。

Where would be the best position for the lights？

這些燈裝在什么位置最好？

in/out of position 在/不在適當的位置

hold a position 擔任職務

take up ones position 就位

8. unfortunate adj. 不幸的；遺憾的

He was unfortunate to lose in the final game.

他不幸在決賽中輸了。

Youre putting me in a most unfortunate position.

你正在把我推入一個十分可悲的境地。

n. 不幸的人

unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遺憾地；可惜地

Unfortunately， he didnt pass the exam.

很遺憾，他考試不及格。

9. similarity n. 類似；相似

（1） 不可數，表“相像性；相似性”

similarity between A and B A和B之間的相似性

The report highlights the similarity between the two groups.

這份報告強調兩組之間的相似性。

similarity in sth 在……（方面）的相似性

There is some similarity in the way they sing.

他們的演唱方式有點像。

（2） 可數，表“相似點；相像處”

similarity to sb/sth 與……的相似之處

The karate bout has many similarities to a boxing match.

空手道比賽和拳擊比賽有許多類似的地方。

She bears a similarity to her mother.

她跟她母親十分相像。

10. vast adj. 巨大的；龐大的；浩瀚的

It is a vast desert.

這是一片遼闊的沙漠。

We once had 19 cats at one time. They were a vast burden.

我們一度同時養了19只貓，它們是一個沉重的負擔。

A billion dollars is a vast amount of money.

十億美元是一筆巨款。

比較：big，large，great，vast，huge的區別

（1） large側重體積、范圍、能力和數量方面的大，往往可以與big互換，但big較口語化。

Our factory is a big/large one.

我們的工廠很大。

在表示物體重量、重要性、長大了時，只能用big。

The box is too big to carry.（不僅體積大，而且很重）

The box is too large to carry.（箱子大，但未必重）

She is big enough to ride a bike.

在表示數量時，用large，不用big。

A large number of people from all parts of the country came to see the exhibition.

從全國各地來了很多人觀看展覽。

（2） great的意思是“大；偉大的”，多用于抽象意思。在修飾具體事物時，帶有一定的感情色彩。

There have been many great presidents in the American history.

美國歷史上有很多偉大的總統。

在表示抽象意思時，也可用big，但great更為正式。

Great/Big changes have taken place in our country in recent years.

近幾年來，我們國家發生了很大變化。

（3） vast常用來指“廣袤無垠的；面積廣闊的”。如：a vast forest， a vast sea， a vast desert， vast darkness等。

（4） huge強調體積龐大，容量和數量巨大。如：a huge stone，a huge building等。

11. exchange n. & v. 交換；互換

We need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information.

我們需要促進思想和信息的公開交流。

Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera？

你愿意用我的舊電視換這架相機嗎？

Ill type your report if you look after children in exchange.

如果你愿意照看孩子，我就幫你打這份報告。

I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.

我和經理握手并說了幾句話。

exchange...for... 以……換取……

exchange...with sb 和某人交換

Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds？

我去哪兒可以把美元換成英鎊？

Mary exchanged seats with Anne.

瑪麗和安妮交換了座位。

12. on the top of 在……頂端

The ice on the top of the Himalayas never breaks up.

喜馬拉雅山山頂的冰從來不化。

13. at the bottom of 在……底部

Fill in your address at the bottom of the application form.

把你的地址填在申請表的底部。

14. make effort 努力

If you want to achieve something， you must work hard， make effort and get prepared.

如果你想取得成就，你必須努力工作、艱苦奮斗，時刻準備著。

The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.

當地俱樂部正在盡一切努力吸引更多的年輕人。

effort n. 氣力；努力；費力的事（可數）

You should put more effort into your work.

你應該更加努力地工作。

Getting up this morning was quite an effort.

今天早上起床相當費力。

spare no effort 不遺余力

without effort 容易地；不費力地

with （an） effort 努力地；艱難地

15. be connected with 與……有聯系；與……有關

He did not like to be connected with the woman who had painted those pictures.

他不想和畫那些畫的女人接觸。

This sentence is not connected with the context.

這句話與上下文沒有聯系。

16. be close to 接近；靠近

He is close to being a genius. 他差不多是個天才了。

The population of the city is close to a million.

這個城市的人口接近一百萬。

比較：close和closely的區別

close作副詞時，意為“靠近；接近”，表示實際距離很近；closely意為“緊密地；密切地”，表達的是一種抽象的“近”。

The children sat close together.

孩子們靠緊坐在一起。

The two events are closely connected.

這兩件事有密切的聯系。

17. up to 直到……；至多……

Up to four people can live in this room.

這間房里最多能住四個人。

Andrew has worked hard up to now.

安德魯一直努力工作到現在。

（1） be up to = be busy doing 忙于

What are you up to？ 你在忙什么？

（2） be up to sb to do sth 由某人負責做某事

Its up to us to help those in need.

我們有責任幫助那些有困難的人。

up-to-date 現代的；包含最新信息的

18. be willing to do sth 樂意做某事

Are you willing to help？

你樂意幫忙嗎？

He is willing to help me with my English.

他很樂意幫我學英語。

表達“樂意做某事”的多種用法

be ready to do sth； be glad to do sth

be delighted to do sth； be happy to do sth

19. as much as 和……一樣；多達……

You can eat as much as you like.

你愛吃多少就吃多少。

I spent as much as 100 dollars today.

今天我花了一百美元。

Did Your Father Help You？

One day， Tims mathematics teacher looked at his homework and saw that he had got all his sums right.

The teacher was very pleased and rather surprised.

He called Tim to his desk and said to him， “You got all your homework right this time， Tim. What happened？ Did your father help you？”

“No， sir. He was too busy last night， so I had to do it all myself，” said Tim.