基于網絡設計的路段可逆車道布局優化

葉靜茹,馬曉旦,夏曉梅,趙　靖

(上海理工大學 管理學院,上海　200093)

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基于網絡設計的路段可逆車道布局優化

葉靜茹,馬曉旦,夏曉梅,趙靖

(上海理工大學 管理學院,上海200093)

摘要為了應對城市道路交通供需關系的變化情況,合理分配道路空間資源,文中對可逆車道布局進行了研究,利用雙層規劃方法,建立了以系統總出行時間最小為上層問題目標,以非對稱影響的SUE問題為下層問題的可逆車道設置位置和規模的優化模型。該模型中,在需求層面,考慮了3種不同出行特性的車輛:社會車輛、公交車輛和緊急救援車輛;在供給層面,模型中將引入對交叉口的考慮,不僅在計算出行時間中考慮交叉口的影響,且在優化變量中將路段可變車道與交叉口車道功能一同考慮。文中給出了模型的求解方法,對于上層問題采用粒子群優化算法求解,對于下層采用結合了MSA算法的"對角化"算法求解。經計算,系統總出行時間降低了20%。證明該可逆車道的設置是合理有效的。

關鍵詞交通工程;可逆車道;雙層規劃;網絡設計

Optimization Layout for Reversible Lane Based on Discrete Network Design

YE Jingru,MA Xiaodan,XIA Xiaomei,ZHAO Jing

(Business School,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

AbstractAn optimal layout of the reversible lane is proposed to deal with the significant change of the relationship between the supply and demand of the urban road.A bi-level programming model is established in which transportation management section at the upper level disposes the reversible lane to minimize the total system cost while transportation users at the lower level follow stochastic user equilibrium assignment principle to select travel routes.For the traffic demand,three kinds of vehicles with different travel characteristics are considered:social vehicles,buses and emergency vehicles.For the network representation,the intersection is taken into consideration both in calculating the travel time and in optimizing the layout of the reversible lane.A solution algorithm is also developed,in which the upper level problem are solved by the particle swarm optimization approach and the lower level problem are solved by the diagonalization algorithm combined with method of successive averages.The overall travel time of the system is calculated to be reduced by 20%,a proof of the feasibility of the reversible lane design.

Keywordstraffic engineering;reversible lane;bi-level programming;network design

可逆車道是一種經濟有效地提升擁擠流向道路通行能力的方法,可使通行能力與交通需求相匹配[1]。選擇合適的可逆車道設置位置,是可逆車道規劃設計階段的一項重要內容。

1基于經驗的可逆車道實施條件

AASHTO Green Book[2]建議在道路高峰小時交通量方向分布系數≥65%時,可考慮采用可逆車道。ITE[3]指定性的指出設置可逆車道應滿足包括流量等4方面條件。MUTCD[4]建議,對于雙向道路,當存在周期性的交通擁擠,同時交通量方向分布系數達到66%～75%時,可考慮采用可逆車道。……