王剛 吳健健
摘要:隨著無線通信技術的高速發展,需要對大量的信號及數據進行高效、快速、可操作性更高并且相對低成本的處理,這便對無線通信系統提出了更高的要求。Gnuradio是一種免費的開源軟件無線電開發平臺工具,在其圖形化操作界面中集成了豐富的信號源與信號處理模塊,通過功能強大的信號處理模塊可以在PC端對無線通信中發送與接收端的信號進行編解碼、調制與解調,時域和頻域同步等處理。以Hackrf作為硬件平臺,通過搭建GRC流圖在射頻段與PC端對信號及數據進行處理并發送與接收,實現了基于軟件無線電平臺的無線通信收發系統。
關鍵詞:軟件無線電;調制與解調;Gnuradio;Hackrf
中圖分類號:TP393 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1009-3044(2016)05-0034-03
Abstract:With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, a large number of signals and data shall be processed effectively, fast,convenient in a relatively low cost everyday. It proposes higher requirements for the wireless communication system. Gnuradio is a free and open-source software development platform, and rich signal sources and signal processing modules are integrated in the graphics of user interface. When transmitting and receiving, the signal encoding and decoding, modulation and demodulation, time domain and frequency domain synchronization will be accomplished in PC by the powerful signal processing modules. In this paper, Hackrf is used as the hardware platform to transmit and receive signals, and the signal and data will be processed in GRC flow chart in PC, and the wireless communication system based on the software radio platform is realized.
Key words: software defined radio; modulation and demodulation; Gnuradio; Hackrf
1 引言
軟件無線電(Software Defined Radio,SDR)[1,2]是一種多頻段無線電廣播通信技術,它具有寬帶天線、用于收發信號的射頻前端、AD/DA轉換,并且支持多個空中接口及協議,其無線通信協議是基于軟件定義的而非通過硬連線實現。換言之,所使用的中心頻率、空中接口協議和功能由于其開源特性,可通過手動更改、軟件下載和更新來升級,并不需要完全更換硬件,這使得通信過程達到了靈活高效,低成本的效果。
廣義上的軟件無線電的結構分為三類。
(1)低通采樣軟件無線電結構。其在AD轉換之前添加了低通濾波器,這使得對AD采樣速率的要求降低。軟件無線電的工作頻率決定了低通濾波器的采樣頻率,根據奈奎斯特采樣定理,其采樣頻率[fs]需滿足:
[fs≥r+fmax] (1)
其中r為低通濾波器的矩形系數,[fmax]為所要求的工作頻率最大值。……