1. fold v 折疊;對折
拓展 unfold 展開
Fold the card.
折疊這張卡片。
2. mess n雜亂;不整潔
The room was in a mess.
這個房間雜亂不堪。
“What a mess !” she said after the party.
聚會后她說:“真是一片狼藉!”
拓展
make a mess弄臟;搞成一團糟
The kids made a mess in the living room.
孩子們把客廳搞得一塌糊涂。
3. throw v(threw; thrown)扔;擲
Throw me the car keys.
= Throw the car keys to me.
把車鑰匙扔給我。
Dont throw your trash on the ground. Throw it in the trash can.
別把垃圾丟在地上。丟到垃圾箱里去。
短語
throw away丟棄;扔掉
throw away (sth) =throw (sth) away
She threw her coat on the bed.
她把外套隨手扔在了床上。
4.neitheradv. 也不
neither在句中是副詞,意為“也不”,放在句首,表示前面否定的內容也適用于另一個人物句子須采用倒裝結構:“neither+be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語”表示“……也不”
You didnt see him, and neither did I.
你沒有看見他,我也沒有。
拓展
(1)(兩者)都不”
Neither of us felt like going out.
我倆都不想外出。
— Which one would you like?
— Neither.
—你喜歡哪一個?
—兩個都不喜歡。
(2)neither … nor …意為“既不……也不……”(連接并列主語時,動詞隨后)
Neither the teacher nor his students know how to work out the problem.
老師和他的學生們都不知道怎么算那道題。
They speak neither French nor German, but a strange mixture of the two.
他們既非講法語,也非德語,而是兩者的古怪混合。
5. pass v. 給;遞;走過;通過
pass sb sth=pass sth to sb.把某物遞給某人
Can you pass me that bag by your feet?
你能把你腳邊的袋子遞給我嗎?
They pass by the library on their way to school.
去學校途中,他們經過了圖書館。
Kevin has just passed his driving test.
凱文剛剛通過駕照考試。
6. borrow v. 借;借用
borrow sth from sb從某人那里借某物
I couldnt afford to buy any book, so I borrow them from the library.
我買不起任何書,因此我都從圖書館。
辨析:borrow /lend/keep
(1)borrow 借入 ,與from 連用,尤指主語“借進來”
You can borrow some money from the bank.
你可以從銀行借些錢來。
(2)lend 借出 ,與to 搭配(指借出去)
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借給某人
He doesnt want to lend his book to others.
他不想把書借給任何人。
(3)keep 保留,保存(延續動詞,可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用)
You can keep the book for two weeks.
這本書你可以借兩周。
7. hate v. 厭惡;討厭
hate不能用于進行時,與love相對。hate to do sth/ hate doing sth 意為討厭做某事。
hate to do sth 討厭做某事, 表示某次具體行為或動作。
I hate to trouble him.
我不愿麻煩他。
hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示經常或習慣性行為或動作。
She hates smoking in her room.
她討厭在她房間抽煙。
8. While conj. 與……同時;當……的時候;而;然而
while用作連詞,意為“在期間;當時候”用來引導時間狀語從句。
while 引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞只能是延續動詞。主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時表示將來。
I will give her a present while she is here.
當她來的時候我要給她一個禮物。
The walls are green, while the ceiling is white.
墻是綠色的,而天花板是白色的。
Our friends arrived while we were having dinner.
當我們吃飯的時候,朋友們來了。
9. waste n. 浪費;垃圾
I hate waste.
我討厭浪費。
n.
a waste of time 浪費時間 a waste of money 浪費金錢
v 浪費
waste time on sth.在sth.上浪費時間
waste time (in) doing sth. 浪費時間做sth.
Dont waste time on computer games.=
Dont waste time in playing computer games.
不要浪費時間玩電腦游戲。
10. provide v. 提供;供應
provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth提供某人某物
The movie theater provides us with good service.
電影院為我們提供了良好的服務。
His school provided a house for him.
他的學校為他提供了一所房子。
相當于:offer sb sth = offer sth to sb
provide為應急等做好準備而“提供; 供給”provide sb. with sth.
=provide sth for sb.提供某人某物
offer側重表示“愿意給予”offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.
對某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主動提出干某事
supply 定期“供應” , 強調替代或補充所需物品Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 為某人提供某物
10. develop v
拓展
development n 發展→developing adj. 發展的 →developed adj. 發達的
a developing country 一個發展中國家a developed country 一個發達國家
11. since conj. 因為 既
Since it is late, I shall go home now. 由于時間晚 現
12. drop v.落下;掉下.
Be careful not to drop that plate.
小心別把盤子摔了。
拓展
(使)變弱,降低,減少
The team has dropped to third place. 這個隊已降至第三名。
She dropped her voice .她壓低了聲音。
重點短語
1. take out 取出
跟代詞做賓語,代詞放中間; 跟名詞做賓語,可放在中間,也可放在后邊
拓展
take out the trash 倒垃圾take a walk 散步take away 拿走,取走
take back 收回take place 發生take off脫下; 起飛
The gift is in the box. You can take it out.
2. in order to 目的是;為了
意為“為了”引導目的狀語從句,可放句首或句中。常用結構:
in order to+動詞原形
否定形式:in order not to+動詞原形
In order to catch up with the others the girl works even harder.
為了趕上其他同學,那個女孩學習更加努力了。
3. as soon as一…就 (遵循主將從現原則)
I want to see him as soon as he arrives.
他一到我就要見他。.
As soon as you do this, youll lose control.
你一旦做了這件事,就會失去控制。
3.depend on依靠,依賴; 決 于
Just depend on me. Ill be able to lead you there.
放心吧會 你帶 哪兒
I dont want to depend on too much on my parents.
我不想過 。
4.take care of = look after照顧
Please help me take care of my baby when I am out.
我出去時請幫我照顧好我的小孩。
即時練習
1. Please call me you get home.
請你一到家就給我打電話。昨天他一聽到這個消息就走了
2. His teeth hurt badly. The dentist .
A .take out it B. take out them C. take it out D .take them out
3. 用borrow/lend 填空
Can I your pen? =Can you me your pen?
4. The boy (throw) an apple to his friend just now.
5. 翻譯:take out the rubbish fold the clothes
參考答案: 1. as soon as 2. D 3.borrow; lend 4. threw 5. 倒垃圾;折衣服
基本語法
語法專項:
情態動詞could委婉地表請求和征詢許可。
1. 本單元中,情態動詞could的用法:用于有禮貌地提出要求或請求準許,用于疑問句,代替can,在時間上與can沒有區別,但語氣要比can委婉、有禮貌。回答時要用can,不能用could。肯定回答還可用Sure./ Certainly./ Yes, sure./ No problem./ With pleasure.等;否定回答還可以用Im afraid not.等。
2. could的其他用法:
(1)could為can的過去式,表示能力。
She could swim at the age of seven.
(2)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度,主要用于否定句和疑問句,此時could與can無時間上的區別,但語氣比can緩和,情緒要弱。
He couldnt/ cant be over fifty.
Who could/ can have taken it?
(3)表示可能性,指對將來、現在或過去某種可能的推測。
The book could be Mikes.
He likes reading science books.
The windows are open.
He could have come back.
(4)用于虛擬語氣句。
How I wish I could go with you!
我多么希望能和你一起去呀!
助記:情態動詞could的用法:表示請求與準許,could委婉有禮貌;表示能力會不會,could只把過去表;表示懷疑不相信,could緩和情緒弱;推測可能用could,虛擬語氣也常用。