1. allow v.允許;準(zhǔn)許
My parents dont allow me to stay up late.
我父母不允許我熬夜。
拓展
(1)allow sb to do sth 允許
(2)be allowed to do sth 被允許做某事
Mr Smith allow Mike to drive there.
史密斯先生允許邁克開車去那里。
He should be allowed to have a break.
應(yīng)該允許他休息一下。
2. deal n. 協(xié)議;交易
Listen. This is the deal.
聽著,下面是我們達(dá)成的協(xié)議。
Its a deal!
就這么辦吧!
拓展
make/do a deal (with sb)
(與某人)達(dá)成一筆交易
大事;要事
I felt the pressure on me, winning was such a big deal for the whole family.
我感覺到了壓力,取勝對全家來說是如此重要。
Its not a big deal.
這沒什么大不了的。
3. communication n. 交流;溝通
Doctors do not always have good communication skills .
醫(yī)生不一定都具備良好的交際能力。
拓展
communicate v.交流;溝通
communicate with sb (與某人)交流(信息或消息、意見等)
The novel is about a family who cant communicate with each other.
這部小說寫的是成員彼此無法溝通的一個家庭
4. argue v. 爭吵;爭論;
I dont want to argue with you—just do it!
我不想和你爭辯——請干吧!
短語:
argue with sb (about/over sth) 為某事與某人爭辯
Were always argue with each other about money.
我們總是為錢吵嘴。
拓展
argument n. 爭論
have an argument with sb
5. elder adj. 年紀(jì)較長的
注意:elder指人,尤指同一家庭里兩個成員年紀(jì)較長的
He is my elder brother.
他是我的哥哥
辨析:elder與 older
old 的比較級通常為 older。
英國英語中形容詞 elder 通常只用來指哥哥、姐姐。older用于指年齡。elder 后不能接 than,而 older 則可以。
Ive got a sister who is than me .
6. instead adv. 代替;反而;卻
He didnt reply. Instead, he turned on his heel and left the room.
他沒有回答,反而轉(zhuǎn)身離開了房間。
Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer Im going to Dalian instead.
去年夏天我去了青島。今年夏天我要去大連。
辨析:instead 與 instead of
instead 為副詞, 通常放在句首或句末, 在句首時常用逗號隔開, 表示前面的事沒做, 而做了后面的事。
instead of代替……, 而不是…… 為介詞短語。意為“代替, 而不是”, 后面可以跟與前面并列成分相應(yīng)的名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式等作為介詞賓語
Hell go to Italy instead of France.
他要去意大利而 不去法國。
He played the whole afternoon instead of doing his homework.
他玩了一下午而沒做作業(yè)
7. whatever pron. 任何;每一
Whatever I suggest, he always disagrees.
無論我提什么建議,他都不同意。
Whatever she did was right.
她所做的事情都是對的。
8.offer v. 主動提出;自愿給予
offer側(cè)重主動或愿意給予,主動提出做某事。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):offer sb sth 或offer to do sth
She offered me a cup of tea.
她給我端了杯茶。
Its very kind of you to offer to help us on the weekend.
你周末主動幫我,你真是太好了。
9. explain v. 解釋;說明
explain+that / what/ why等從句 解釋……
explain sth (to sb.)(向某人)解釋某事
Can you explain what this means?
你能解釋一下這個的意思嗎?
Please explain it to me.
請你向我解釋一下吧。
10. return v. 歸還; 回來;返回
She left South Africa at the age of 15 and has never returned.
她15歲時離開南非就一直沒回去。
(1) return v.歸還;退還
return sb sth = return sth to sb
Dont forget to return me the keys.
別忘了把鑰匙還給我。
(2)return v.返回,回到(出發(fā)地)
return to+地點
Blair will return to London tonight.
今晚布萊爾將返回倫敦
11. anymore adv. (常用于否定句和疑問句末)再也(不);不再
I cant trust him anymore.
我無法再相信他。
People are not interested in movies anymore.
人們不再對電影感興趣了。
12. compete v. (in sth)
Hes hoping to compete in the London marathon.
他期盼著參加倫敦馬拉松比賽。
短語
compete against/ with sb 與。。。。。比賽(或競賽)
We cant compete with them on price.
我們在價格上無法與他們競爭。
拓展:
competition n比賽;競賽
13. compare v.比較;對比c
We compared the two reports carefully.
我們仔細(xì)地比較了兩個報告。
拓展:
Compare sth (sb) with sth (sb.)把…和…做比較
Compare sth (sb) to (sth)把…比作…
He never compares himself with others.
他從來不拿自己和別人比較。
People often compare the life to a stage.
人們常把人生比作一個舞臺
重點短語
1. work out 成功的發(fā)展;解決;算出
Is it possible to work out the problem?
有可能解決這個問題嗎?
Mike worked out the difficult problem by himself.
邁克自己算出了那道難題。
2. get on with和睦相處;關(guān)系良好
注意: get on with相當(dāng)于get along with。
The child doesnt get on well with others.
那個小孩不合群。
He is a person easily to get on well with.
他很容易相處。
3. cut out 刪除;戒除
You should cut out these unimportant details.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)刪除這些不重要的細(xì)節(jié)。
及時練習(xí):
用括號里詞的正確形式填空
1. My (old) brother is 8 years (old) than my younger sister.
選詞填空
i nstead argue explain
2 . The TV shows are boring. Why not play cards ?
3 . I dont want to with you. Its waste of time.
4 . Please to her how to use a computer.
用 instead 或 instead of 填空。
5 . Dave went cycling going skating.
6 . My brother isnt good at math . , he is good at English.
參考答案: 1. elder; older 2. instead 3. argue 4. explain 5. instead of;Instead
基本語法
1. 如何提建議
可以用Why dont we / you do sth?來提出建議,表示“何不…?”??s略形式: Why not do sth?
Why dont we stay here another day?
我們?yōu)槭裁床辉谶@兒再待一天呢?
Why not meet at the school gate at eight?
何不在八點的時候在校門口集合?
2. 連詞 until、so that、 though 的用法
(1)until
until表示“直到…為止”。
a. until用于肯定句中, 謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性動詞; 表示動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)。
b. until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句, 當(dāng)主句用一般將來時時, 從句一般用一般現(xiàn)在時代替, 即“主將從現(xiàn)”。
c. not until(與否定詞連用)直到…之前,直到…為止
The hot weather lasted until September.
I will stay here until he comes.
我會等到他來為止。
I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock.
直到聽到鬧鐘的鈴聲我才醒來。
(2) so that
so that 用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句, 意思為“以便, 為了”。 so ... that ...用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
He got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus .
今天早上他早起,以便能趕上早班車。
He got up so early this morning that he caught the early bus .
今天早上他起得非常早,這樣就趕上了早班車。
(3)although / though
although的意思是“盡管,雖然”,用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,在一般情況下可以和though互換,但though比較口語化。而although較為正式,另外although的語氣比though重。當(dāng)although / though引導(dǎo)的從句放在句首時,主從句之間要用逗號隔開。
Although I gave him some advice, he didnt take them.
雖然我給了他一些建議,但他沒有采納。
Although its raining, they are still working in the field.
雖然在下雨,但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>
Although he tried hard, he was not successful.
雖然他盡力而為,但他沒有成功。
注意:although和though都不能和but在同一個復(fù)合句里連用。