摘 要:該課題通過設計結構精確的分子單體,通過氫鍵、配位作用及疏溶劑作用和pi-pi堆積作用等為驅動力,構筑多層次的自組裝體系,進而探索組裝體的功能。2013年度,我們根據計劃書要求開展工作,在以下幾個方面取得重要進展:(1)設計了一類三角型平面分子,在其周圍引入單N-苯基聯二吡啶VB+,通過葫蘆脲[8]對兩個VB單元的強絡合作用,在水相中實現了有序蜂窩型超分子有機框架(SOF)結構的自組裝。(2)設計了兩類剛性四面體分子,分別引入4個紫精和四硫富瓦烯片段,在把紫精還原或把四硫富瓦烯氧化為正離子自由基后,這兩類正離子自由基在水相強烈堆積,從而誘導其形成三維網絡超分子組裝結構。(3)利用氫鍵控制芳香酰胺線性分子的構象,從而研究其結構-性質關系,并進而利用構象控制開展分子識別與自組裝研究。①利用單分子力譜首次研究了驅動形成芳香酰胺螺旋孔狀結構的氫鍵的強度及不同位置氫鍵強度的差異;②利用手性離子對識別,從并入氫鍵折疊片段的UPy四氫鍵組裝單體構筑了一類交替堆積的手性超分子聚合物;③設計合成了兩個大環分子,引入酰胺和1,2,3-三氮唑片段,通過對二酰胺和三碘客體分子的氫鍵和鹵鍵結合,研究了分子間氫鍵和鹵鍵的相對強度;④設計了新的雙卟啉和三卟啉主體分子,通過分子內氫鍵誘導其形成剛性梳型構象,進而用于研究配位作用和堆積作用協同誘導的多組分超分子結構組裝。(4)在配位自組裝研究方面取得重要進展:①研究了含有氮雜環卡賓-金屬鍵的金屬有機大環分子的合成,發現氮雜環卡賓與11族金屬(Cu,Ag,Au)可以形成較強的配位鍵,由此獲得了中間橋連基團是不同長度、含有不同吡啶數目的系列金屬有機大環分子;②對含有多配位位點的氮雜杯吡啶大環分子進行配位組裝及金屬簇可控合成的機理進行了深入研究。發現含有多個配位位點的氮雜杯吡啶大環分子可以結合多個金屬離子,形成一個分立的組裝結構,并且一種大環分子與某種特定金屬形成的復合物結構具有很好的穩定性,金屬與配體的比例較為固定。(5)利用柱芳烴為骨架,構筑了一類新的自組裝單分子納米管,通過引入由苯丙氨酸構成的肽鏈,延長了單管長度并引入手性,從而實現了對氨基酸跨膜輸送的手性選擇性。
關鍵詞:自組裝 多層次 氫鍵 配位作用 人工通道
Abstract:We achieved progresses in the following aspects: (1) We designed and synthesized a new kind of triangular planar molecules which were attached with three N-phenyl 4,4’-bipyridyl (BP) units. By utilizing the strong encapsulation of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) for two BP, for the first time, we assembled a series of 2D honeylcomb-styled supramolecular organic framework (SOF). (2) We designed and prepared two tetrahedral monomers which contained four viologen or tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units. We found that when the viologen was reduced or TTF was oxidized to its cation radical, due to the tetrahedral feature of the molecules, the cation radicals could strongly dimerize in solution for the molecules to form 3D supramolecular networks. (3) We also succeeded in using hydrogen bonding to control the required conformation of aromatic amide sequences. By investigating their structure-property relationship, we constructed several series of supramolecular systems. ①We utilized single molecular force spectroscopy to evaluate the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonding; ②By making use of ion pair recognition, we constructed a new kind of alternately arranged chiral supramolecular copolylmers from two aromatic amide-linked UPy ditopic monomers.③We designed and prepared two macrocycles which contained amide and 1,2,3-triazole segments. By investigating their binding toward diamide and triiodide guests, we evaluated the relative strength of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. (4) We also made progresses in the area of coordination self-assembly.①We succeeded in preparing new coordination macrocycles which contained azaheterocyclic carbine units and found that the azaheterocyclic carbenes could coordinate to Cu(II), Ag (I) or Au (III) to form coordination macrocycles that contained different pyridine rings; ②We also investigated the mechanism of the formation of the above coordination macrocycles and found that the N atoms of pyridines incorporated in the macrocycles might bind to multiple metal ions to form separated entities of high stability. (5) We constructed a new series of single molecular tubes by attaching phenylalanine peptide chains to a pillar[n]arene backbone. In this way, we could extend the length of the pillararene tube and thus insert the tube to lipid bilayers to form a single molecular channel for transporting amino acids that exhibited chiral selectivity.
Key Words: Self-assembly; Multi-level; Hydrogen bond; Coordination; Artificial channel
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