個體化護理干預(yù)對舌下含服粉塵螨滴劑治療兒童哮喘的療效觀察

摘要：目的 觀察個體化護理干預(yù)對兒童哮喘持續(xù)舌下含服粉塵螨滴劑特異性免疫治療的療效。方法 將哮喘患兒82例按檢查單雙號分成干預(yù)組（觀察組）和對照組各41例。兩組患兒在接受脫敏治療后都建立脫敏檔案及講解脫敏知識。對照組未給予任何干預(yù)措施，觀察組給予定期電話回訪，心理，認知，行為等指導(dǎo)，觀察兩組患兒的治療效果。結(jié)果 觀察組療效高于對照組（P<0.01），持續(xù)脫敏治療時間觀察組明顯長于對照組（P<0.01）。結(jié)論 個體化的護理干預(yù)能顯著提高哮喘患兒舌下含服粉塵螨滴劑的依從性和正確性，進而提高治療效果。

關(guān)鍵詞：個體化護理干預(yù)；舌下含服粉塵螨滴劑；哮喘

Abstract：Objective To investigate the effect of Individualized nursing Intervention on the treatment of children with asthma in the treatment of children with Dermatophagoides Farinae Drops Sublingual specific Immunotherapy.Methods The asthma 82cases according to single and double check divided into intervention group（observation group）and control group，Two groups of 41case.Patients in the two groups were treated with immunotherapy，and were awareness of knowledge about desensitization after treatment.Their desensitization documents were also established.No intervention was performed in the controls.The observation group was given regular telephone follow-up and psychological cognitive behavioral and other guidance.The therapeutic effect of the two groups were observed.Results The curative effect of observation group was higher than that of control group（P<0.01），Continuous desensitization treatment time was significantly longer than the control group（P<0.01）.Conclusion Individualized nursing Intervention can significantly improve the compliance and correctness of the desensitization treatment of allergic asthma in children，and thus improve the treatment effect.

Key words：Individualized nursing intervention； Sublingual Dermatophagoides Farinae Drops；Asthma

支氣管哮喘是一種慢性氣道炎癥性疾病，受遺傳，環(huán)境，藥物等多種因素影響。特異性免疫治療（Specific Immunotherapy，SIT）被認為是目前唯一針對哮喘病因治療的有效方法，主要包括舌下免疫治療和皮下免疫治療，2種治療方法療效基本相似，但舌下含服免疫治療因其安全，有效及可在家中治療等特點，尤其適于兒童患者[1]。但是SIT所需療程長，WHO建議的時間為3～5年，并且需要每天持續(xù)用藥及家屬的協(xié)助和監(jiān)督。家屬常因工作忙、不重視、藥物起效慢、經(jīng)濟負擔(dān)重、懷疑治療效果等因素中斷治療[2]。我科對舌下含服粉塵螨滴劑的患兒開展個體化護理干預(yù)措施，提高患兒及家屬用藥依從性及正確性，從而提高治療效果。

1資料與方法

1.1一般資料 選擇2013年6月～2015年12月在我院兒科確診的變應(yīng)性哮喘患兒82例。年齡4～16歲，其中男45例，女37例，平均年齡（6.5±3.6）歲，皮膚點刺試驗+～++++。……