深海生物采樣工具研制報告

任翀 王峰 劉小涯 王旭陽 曾潤穎

摘 要：采集不同深度海水中的生物樣品，是現代海洋學研究的重要內容。隨著各種海洋科學研究與海洋資源開發利用的不斷深入，如何快速、方便和有效地對海洋生物進行調查采樣，以獲得第一手的海洋生物科學研究樣品，全面了解特定海域的生物資源情況，成為了當務之急。由國家“863”計劃支撐的“深海生物采樣工具研制”課題，其研制目標是：重點突破深海生物樣品采集原位觀測與定植培養，生物資源研究與開發所涉及的關鍵核心技術與裝備；研發適用于載人深潛器、ROV等平臺的系列化采樣和作業工具；建立一套深海底生態長期觀測系統，研制深海自容式原位生物定植培養工程樣機，并完成海試實驗；獲得一批基因、技術、工藝等相關專利。通過項目研究大幅提高我國深海生物資源研究開發技術水平和自主創新能力，保障資源的可持續開發利用。課題的研究內容包括：海底微生物墊采樣器、泵吸式大型生物采樣器、誘捕式大型生物采樣器、射網式大型生物采樣器、鏟撬式大型生物采樣器、組合式生物轉移箱、船載厭氧/保壓轉移裝置、備用能源與控制吊艙。課題在2014年度完成了各型深海生物采樣工具諸多關鍵技術研究，主要設備均完成了樣機試制及調試，部分設備進行了海上實際應用并獲得了相關生物樣品。該研究報告詳細論述了各型采樣工具的設計方案和主要研制過程，并記錄了調試及試驗的結果及改進方向，為課題后續研制提供了重要的技術基礎。

關鍵詞：深海 生物采樣 工具

Abstract：Collection of biological samples at different depths in the sea，is an important content of modern Oceanography research.With a variety of marine scientific research and development and utilization of marine resources unceasingly thorough，how to quickly，easily and effectively to marine organisms were sampled，marine biological sciences research samples to obtain the first hand，the biological resources of the comprehensive understanding of certain areas，has become a pressing matter of the moment.Supported by the national"863"plan "deep-sea biological sampling tools development"project，its development objectives are：the key breakthrough deep-sea biological samples collected in situ observation and colonization culture，kernel technology and equipment involved in research and development of biological resources；series of R & D is suitable for carrying people submersibles，ROV platform for sampling and working tools；to establish a set of deep seabed ecological long-term observation system，the development of deep-sea self-contained in situ biological colonization culture engineering prototype，and complete the experiment on the sea；get a group of genes，technology，process and other related patents.Through the research projects a substantial increase in China's deep-sea biological resources research and development technical level and the ability of independent innovation，to ensure the sustainable development and utilization of resources.Content of the research include：seabed microbial mat sampler，suction pump large biological sampler，trap type large biological sampler，radio network type large biological sampler，shovel prizing large biological sampler，combined biological transfer box，ship borne anaerobic/holding pressure transfer device，the standby energy and control pod.Topic in the year 2014 completed the study some key technical tools for sampling of various types of deep-sea creatures，the main equipment are completed prototype trial manufacture and debugging，part of the equipment of the practical application of maritime and obtain the relevant biological samples.This report discusses in detail the process of design scheme of various types of sampling and the main development tool，and record the debugging and the test results and the direction of improvement provides an important technical basis for subsequent development project.

Key Words：Deepsea；Creatures sampling；Tools

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