英語語法之賓語補足語

王芳

在英語中，為了使句子意思表達更加完整，在某些及物動詞的賓語后面加上補充說明賓語的成分，稱為賓語補足語。其句型為：主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語。充當賓語補足語的可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語和非謂語動詞。

一、常接名詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：call，name，make，think等。

如：We should spare no efforts to make our country a developed country.

二、常接形容詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：keep，make，keep，leave，find等，形容詞作賓語補足語用于說明賓語的性質、狀態或特征等。

如：Youd better leave the door open and let the fresh air in.

三、副詞作賓語補足語用來說明賓語所處的位置、狀態等。

如：Please keep the fire on for a few more minutes.

四、常接介詞短語作賓語補足語的動詞有：keep，find，leave，

make等。

如：I left my pen on my desk at home.

五、非謂語主要分為v-ing，done和to do 三種形式

1.常接動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語的動詞有：感官動詞see，watch，hear，notice，discover，feel，find等，使役動詞have，get，leave，keep等后可以跟表示動作性質的現在分詞作補足語，表示看見、注意到、發現某人正在做某事和讓某人一直做某事。

如：In the country，we can hear birds singing.

Dont keep the child working on his lesson all day.

2.接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask，tell，want，teach，advise，allow，persuade，warn，cause，require，encourage等；有些感官動詞和使役動詞，如：see，watch，hear，feel，notice，observe，make，have，let等。

如：It is hard to persuade Dad to give up.

I heard my neighbor lock the door just now.

I want to have my friends come over this weekend.

3.接動詞過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：have，get，make，

leave，keep等，過去分詞作補足語說明賓語的性質或狀態。

如：Get your answers checked before you hand in the papers.

六、在高中英語學習中，常考點和易錯點：keep，leave，have，make，get等詞的考查。

1.keep的賓語補足語可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語和動詞現在分詞。

例：We should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural recourses. （形容詞）

In our daily life，we must keep ourselves away from danger.（副詞）

Please keep the dog out of the study. （介詞短語）

Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long. （現在分詞）

2.leave的賓語補足語一般是形容詞，其后的賓語補足語可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞過去分詞、不定式和現在分詞。

例：I am afraid that you leave me no choice. （名詞）

Running a marathon will leave you breathless.（形容詞）

Please leave the lights on when you walk out of the room. （副詞）

Dont leave the rice to cook for twenty minutes.（不定式）

I left the door locked when I went out.（過去分詞）

We should not leave the tap water running after using it.（現在分詞）

3. have的賓語補足語可以是形容詞、副詞、動詞現在分詞、不定式和過去分詞。

例：I want to have everything ready in advance before the meeting.（形容詞）

She is always having the builders in to do something or other.（副詞）

It was cold，and she has the fire burning day and night.（現在分詞）

Youd better have that bad tooth pulled out.（過去分詞）

He had the bouncers throw them out of the club. （不定式）

4. make的賓語補足語可以是名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、過去分詞和現在分詞。

例：The film made him a star.（名詞）

He made it clear that he objected. （形容詞）

Please make yourself at home.（介詞短語）

She tried to make herself understood while giving her talk.（過去分詞）

5.get的賓語補足語可以是形容詞、介詞短語、過去分詞、不定式和現在分詞。

例：He got his clothes wet.（形容詞）

A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing.（現在分詞）

Go and get your hair cut.（過去分詞）

You should get your friends to help you.（不定式）