高分子體系中物理機制與其應用探索

馬余強 張澤新 胡志軍 陳康 賈玉璽

摘 要：高分子體系的大量外在性質是由其物理機制控制的，研究高分子體系中的物理機制對其應用有著重要的促進意義。我們在對高分子膠體的非晶液-固轉變行為等基礎問題進行深化研究的同時，也對高分子納米微陣列的物理學性質、枝狀高分子及一般軟或硬膠體載藥應用中的物理機制、碳纖維復合材料玻璃化轉變等高分子應用問題進行了探索性研究。結合分子動力學模擬、非線性Langevin方程等理論模擬方法和熒光、電鏡等實驗方法，這些研究深入發展了硬球膠體的玻璃化轉變、應力響應等理論。并且具體發現：高分子膠體的形狀對其自組織性質有顯著影響；納米微陣列的尺寸可調節高分子主轉變等物理性質；枝狀分子的pH載藥響應效應；膠體顆粒旋轉、磷脂膜排布等因素在膠體內吞中的作用；碳纖維復合材料玻璃化轉變可用于誘導形狀記憶效應。從廣度和深度，我們深化了高分子體系中物理機制的認識，將為其發展應用提供重要基礎。

關鍵詞：高分子 膠體 納米微陣列 枝狀分子 相變 磷脂膜

Exploration of the Physical Mechanisms in Polymer System and Their Applications

Ma Yuqiang1 Zhang Zexin2 Hu Zhijun2 Chen Kang2 Jia Yuxi3

（1.Department of Physics， Nanjing University；2.Center for Soft Condensed Matter & Interdisciplinary Research，Suzhou University；

3.School of Materials Science and Engineering， Shandong University）

Abstract：A great many properties of polymers are controlled by physical mechanism. Understanding these mechanisms will contribute to the application of polymers. In basic study， we have researched deep into the liquid-solid transition of polymer colloids； while in application study， we mainly explored the physical property of polymer-based nano-pattern， the physical interaction mechanism of dendrimer carrier or normal solid/soft colloid in drug delivery， and the application of the glass transition of carbon fibres. Combining theory/simulation （i.e. DPD， nonlinear Langevin equation） with experiment （i.e. fluorescence， electron microscope） methods， we have developed the glass transition， stress-response theories of hard spheres. It is also found that： the shape decides the colloid self-assemble behavior； the size of the polymer nano-array can influence the physical property， such as main transition， of the system； the pH-dependent drug capsulation property of dendrimer in drug delivery； the influence of the rotation of colloid and lipid packing in particle endocytosis； and the glass transition of carbon fibre can be used in memory of the original shape. In depth and width， our studies advanced the understanding of physical mechanisms in polymer system， which will provide important reference for its further applications.

Key Words：Polymer； Colloid； Nano-pattern； Dendrimer； Phase transition； Lipid membrane

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