水稻高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)種質(zhì)創(chuàng)新

任光俊 謝華安 游艾青 楊長凳 李曉方

摘 要：緊緊圍繞綠色超級(jí)稻的目標(biāo)，創(chuàng)制了45份米質(zhì)達(dá)部頒一級(jí)和二級(jí)米標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的新材料，其中30份材料的米質(zhì)達(dá)部頒一級(jí)米標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；并培育出優(yōu)質(zhì)三系不育系川106A，其米質(zhì)達(dá)部頒一級(jí)米標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。培育產(chǎn)量潛力有明顯提高的新種質(zhì)32份，其中產(chǎn)量潛力顯著增加的新材料11份，為進(jìn)一步的綠色超級(jí)稻育種打下了基礎(chǔ)。培育并通過國家或省級(jí)審定的新品種13個(gè)，其中通過國家審定的品種3個(gè)，另有10個(gè)組合正在參加國家和省級(jí)區(qū)試；川優(yōu)6203的培育成功，其米質(zhì)可與泰國香米媲美，填補(bǔ)了長江上游，尤其是四川無法自生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)稻米的空白。該項(xiàng)目發(fā)掘與定位5個(gè)水稻產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)、抗性相關(guān)的優(yōu)良復(fù)等位基因，開發(fā)與稻米粒型、堊白、高抗性淀粉、柱頭外露、葉片表面絨毛等性狀緊密連鎖的分子標(biāo)記20個(gè)，為水稻優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)綠色超級(jí)稻育種的培育提供了有用信息。選育綠色超級(jí)稻新品種的同時(shí)，通過新品種示范，積極地推廣新品種，新品種推廣面積為157萬畝。

關(guān)鍵詞：水稻 高產(chǎn) 優(yōu)質(zhì) 創(chuàng)制

Sciences； 4.China National Rice Research Institute； 5.Guangdong Provincal Academy of Agricultural Sciences）

Abstract：To target our goals on the Green Super Rice breeding project， 45 rice breeding materials had been innovated. And their grain quality reached the first or second level of the national rice quality grain standard. Among them， 30 reached the first level of the national rice quality grain standard. Moreover， And the “CMS” line Chuan 106A had been successfully developed. Its grain quality reached the first level of the national rice quality grain standard. Thirty-two rice new germplasms had been developed. These materials showed significant yield potential and 11 Of them showed remarkable yield potential. These materials have built up a good foundation for our future goals on the Green Super Rice breeding project. Thirteen new varieties had been released by the national or provincial Crops Variety Examination and Approval Committee. 3 Of them had been released by the National Crops Variety Examination and Approval Committee. And other ten combinations were tested in the national or provincial rice regional trials. Chuanyou 6203， which shows high grain quality coming closer to that of the Thai fragrant rice， had been successfully developed and released. Chuanyou6203 fill in the gap on producing good grain quality rice in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River， especially in the gap of Sichuan province where good grain quality rice is not usually produced. Besides of breeding varieties， five superior alleles related to the yield， grain quality and disease resistance were identified and mapped in this project. We had also developed 20 molecular markers closely linked to the phenotype of grain shape， chalkiness， resistant starch， high stigma exsertion and blade surface villi. Our work provides useful information for breeding the Green Super Rice with high-yield and good grain quality. At the same time， we had actively promoted the planting area for the new varieties through their demonstration. The planting area for the new varieties increased up to 10，467 ha.

Key Words：Rice；High-yield；Good quality；Innovation

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