邱墅 王振宇 何正斌 伊松林
(木材科學與工程北京市重點實驗室(北京林業大學),北京,100083)
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超聲波預處理對楊木試件干燥特性的影響1)
邱墅王振宇何正斌伊松林
(木材科學與工程北京市重點實驗室(北京林業大學),北京,100083)
以水為介質對楊木進行超聲波預處理,探究不同的處理功率、頻率和時間對楊木的干燥速率、水分擴散系數和尺寸穩定性的影響。結果表明:超聲波預處理能大大提高楊木的干燥速率。當頻率為28 kHz,功率為300 W時,處理時間越長,干燥速率越快。在本實驗條件下,超聲波處理功率為40 kHz時,干燥時間更長;超聲波處理后的試材尺寸穩定性有所提高,超聲波處理材的弦向和徑向濕脹率都要低于未處理材;在相同的功率條件下,楊木試材的水分擴散系數都隨著預處理時間的延長而增大,隨著頻率的增大而減小。
超聲波預處理;木材干燥;水分擴散系數;尺寸穩定性
The experiment of ultrasonic pretreatment for poplar was conducted, and the effect of treatment power, frequency and time on the drying rate, moisture diffusion coefficient and dimension stability of the wood was investigated in this study. The ultrasonic treatment could greatly improve the drying rate of poplar. When the frequency was 28 kHz, the power was 300 W, the drying rate was increased with the increase of the treatment time. Under the condition of this experiment, the drying time was longer when the frequency is 40 kHz. The dimensional stability of the tested material after ultrasonic treatment was improved. The tangential and radial swelling rate of ultrasonic treatment material were lower than that of untreated wood. The moisture diffusion coefficient was increased with the increase of the treatment time, and decreased with the increase of the frequency at the same treated power.
木材干燥是木制品生產過程中最為重要的工藝環節,其能耗約占到木制品生產總能耗的40%~70%。對木材進行正確合理的干燥處理,既是保證木制品質量的關鍵,又是合理利用和節約木材的重要手段[1]。選用合適的方式對木材進行預處理,可以起到縮短干燥周期、提高干燥質量的效果。但目前常用預處理方式都存在一定的缺陷,如預汽蒸處理雖然可以提高水分擴散速度,但并不能提高氣體滲透性[2];微波預處理能提高干燥速率,但處理強度太高,會降低木材的力學強度。
超聲波干燥是一種創新的干燥方法,在食品干燥領域已經得到廣泛應用。……