李翀,鄭旭,韓燕燕,呂艷,蘭福,趙杰
(1天津中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院,天津300000;2天津中醫(yī)藥大學(xué))
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不同濃度XAV939對(duì)肺腺癌細(xì)胞增殖和遷移能力的影響
李翀1,2,鄭旭1,韓燕燕1,呂艷1,蘭福1,趙杰1
(1天津中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院,天津300000;2天津中醫(yī)藥大學(xué))
目的觀察不同濃度端錨聚合酶抑制劑XAV939對(duì)肺腺癌細(xì)胞增殖和遷移能力的影響。方法取肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞,分為XAV939組和空白對(duì)照組,XAV939組分別加入0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0 μmol/L的XAV939,空白對(duì)照組正常培養(yǎng)。采用MTT法觀察各組細(xì)胞增殖情況,細(xì)胞劃痕試驗(yàn)觀察細(xì)胞24 h內(nèi)的遷移能力,RT-PCR法檢測細(xì)胞中WNT通路轉(zhuǎn)錄因子β-catenin mRNA表達(dá),免疫熒光法對(duì)細(xì)胞β-catenin表達(dá)進(jìn)行定位。結(jié)果①24、48 h時(shí)XAV939組不同濃度的細(xì)胞增殖抑制率均較空白對(duì)照組升高(P均<0.05);同一時(shí)間點(diǎn)XAV939組不同濃度的細(xì)胞增殖抑制率比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,隨XAV939濃度增加,細(xì)胞增殖抑制率增加(P<0.05)。②24 h時(shí),XAV939組不同濃度的細(xì)胞劃痕寬度均大于空白對(duì)照組(P均<0.05)。③XAV939組不同濃度β-catenin mRNA表達(dá)均較空白對(duì)照組減少(P均<0.05)。④空白對(duì)照組及XAV939組0.1、1.0、10.0 μmol/L的β-catenin熒光染色逐漸由細(xì)胞核和細(xì)胞質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移至細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞膜。結(jié)論XAV939可抑制肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞增殖和遷移,其作用機(jī)制可能與抑制WNT通路的異常激活相關(guān)。
XAV939;肺腺癌;細(xì)胞增殖;β-連環(huán)蛋白
端錨聚合酶(TNKS)是首個(gè)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的能與端粒酶重復(fù)綁定序列結(jié)合的蛋白,屬于聚ADP核糖聚合酶蛋白家族。TNKS在肺腺癌中多呈高水平表達(dá)。在肺癌模型中敲除TNKS可以減少細(xì)胞增殖,抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞形成[1],因此TNKS抑制劑可能為肺癌的治療提供新的途徑。XAV939是TNKS小分子選擇性抑制劑,可抑制WNT通路轉(zhuǎn)錄因子β-catenin調(diào)節(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)錄,而WNT信號(hào)通路對(duì)調(diào)控細(xì)胞增殖、分化、凋亡和遷移起重要作用,其異常表達(dá)和激活可誘發(fā)腫瘤[2,3]。研究證明,XAV939可降低β-catenin活性和上皮間充質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化程度[4]。XAV939與TNKS結(jié)合后,可刺激β-catenin磷酸化,抑制WNT信號(hào)途徑的激活[5,6]。2015年4月,我們觀察了不同濃度XAV939對(duì)人肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞增殖和遷移能力的影響,并探討其與WNT信號(hào)通路的關(guān)系。
1.1材料人非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549細(xì)胞株由天津市人民醫(yī)院饋贈(zèng)。XAV939購自美國Selleck公司(S1180),胎牛血清、RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基購自美國HyClone公司;四甲基偶氮唑鹽(MTT)和二甲基亞砜(DMSO)均購自美國Sigma公司。
1.2方法
1.2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)將A549細(xì)胞加入含10%胎牛血清的改良型RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基中,置于37 ℃、5% CO2、飽和濕度的培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi),取對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.2.2細(xì)胞增殖能力觀察采用MTT法。取對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞,按2×104/mL接種到96孔板。將細(xì)胞分為XAV939組和空白對(duì)照組,XAV939組分別加入0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0 μmol/L的XAV939,空白對(duì)照組正常培養(yǎng)。每組設(shè)6個(gè)復(fù)孔,置于37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)培養(yǎng)24、48 h時(shí),分別加入10 μL MTT孵育4 h,離心,棄上清,加入150 μL DMSO,搖勻。用酶標(biāo)儀于490 nm波長處測定吸光度A值,計(jì)算細(xì)胞增殖抑制率。細(xì)胞增殖抑制率=(1-處理組A490值/空白對(duì)照組A490值)×100%。
1.2.3細(xì)胞遷移能力觀察采用細(xì)胞劃痕試驗(yàn)。取對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞,按1×105/孔接種于12孔板。細(xì)胞分組同1.2.2。待細(xì)胞長滿單層后,用100 μL槍頭在中間劃一橫線,以PBS洗去劃痕后漂浮的細(xì)胞,光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察并拍照。加入無血清培養(yǎng)液繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,光學(xué)顯微鏡下再次觀察并拍照。應(yīng)用Image-Pro Plus6.0軟件測量劃痕寬度,以兩次劃痕寬度的差值作為檢測結(jié)果,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.4β-catenin mRNA表達(dá)檢測采用RT-PCR方法。取對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞,分為XAV939組和空白對(duì)照組,XAV939組分別加入0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0 μmol/L的XAV939,空白對(duì)照組正常培養(yǎng)。培養(yǎng)24 h后,TRIzol法提取細(xì)胞RNA,行RNA定量后逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA,并進(jìn)行PCR反應(yīng)。β-catenin引物序列上游:5′-ATCATTCTGGCCAGTGCTGG-3′,下游:5′-GACAGCACCTTCAGCACTCT-3′,產(chǎn)物長度為104 bp。以β-actin作為內(nèi)參,引物序列上游:5′-TCTGTGTGGATTGGTGGCTCT-3′,下游:5′-AGAAGCATTTGCGGTGCAC-3′,產(chǎn)物長度為115 bp。PCR反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃ 5 min,95 ℃ 30 s、60 ℃ 30 s、72 ℃ 30 s、40個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃ 5 min。凝膠成像用Image J軟件進(jìn)行分析。
1.2.5β-catenin定位采用免疫熒光法。取對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞加入含無菌小圓片的24孔板,待爬片完成后分為對(duì)照組和0.1、1.0、10.0 μmol/L XAV939組,分別加入0.9%氯化鈉和0.1、1.0、10.0 μmol/L XAV939。培養(yǎng)48 h后加入0.4%多聚甲醛固定,小心取出小圓片粘于載玻片上, 0.5% Triton-X100打孔,血清封閉。加入β-catenin單克隆一抗(Santa cruz,1∶100)4 ℃過夜,加入二抗FITC標(biāo)記的山羊抗小鼠IgG(1∶100)避光孵育,DAPI復(fù)染細(xì)胞核,熒光顯微鏡下觀察。β-catenin陽性表達(dá)呈綠色熒光。

2.1不同濃度XAV939作用后細(xì)胞增殖抑制率比較見表1。

表1 不同濃度XAV939作用后細(xì)胞增殖抑制率比較
注:與同濃度24 h時(shí)比較,△P<0.05。
2.2各組細(xì)胞遷移能力比較24 h時(shí),空白對(duì)照組和XAV939組0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0 μmol/L的劃痕寬度差值分別為(106.4±10.5)、(165.8±12.3)、(176.6±11.9)、(267.4±13.5)、(328.7±18.1)、(445.4±21.6)μm,XAV939組不同濃度均大于空白對(duì)照組(P均<0.05)。除0.1與0.5 μmol/L組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外,其余各組間比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。
2.3各組細(xì)胞β-catenin mRNA表達(dá)比較空白對(duì)照組和XAV939組10.0、1.0、0.1 μmol/L細(xì)胞β-catenin mRNA表達(dá)分別為0.58±0.024、0.27±0.035、0.47±0.033、0.44±0.016。與空白對(duì)照組比較,XAV939組不同濃度表達(dá)明顯減少(P均<0.05)。除1、0.1 μmol/L間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外,其余各濃度間比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。
2.4β-catenin定位結(jié)果對(duì)照組β-catenin陽性呈綠色熒光,位于細(xì)胞核和細(xì)胞質(zhì)中;隨XAV939濃度增加,β-catenin陽性染色由細(xì)胞核和細(xì)胞質(zhì)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移至細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞膜。
肺癌的發(fā)病機(jī)制復(fù)雜,經(jīng)典WNT/β-catenin信號(hào)通路在肺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展中具有重要作用[7,8],抑制WNT通路可能成為肺癌藥物的作用靶點(diǎn)。WNT信號(hào)系統(tǒng)中的許多生物學(xué)進(jìn)程和致病過程都受到TNKS及其抑制劑的調(diào)控[9]。我們的前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TNKS和β-catenin在肺腺癌中均呈高表達(dá),且二者表達(dá)呈正相關(guān),而β-catenin又是WNT通路的關(guān)鍵調(diào)控因子,由此推測TNKS高表達(dá)可能與WNT通路的異常激活相關(guān)。XAV939可抑制WNT通路轉(zhuǎn)錄因子β-catenin信號(hào)的轉(zhuǎn)錄,已用于多種癌癥的治療[10]。在乳腺癌MDA-MB-231細(xì)胞系中,XAV939能夠減弱WNT3a誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞遷移[11];在神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤中,XAV939可以通過抑制WNT/β-catenin通路促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡[12]。
本研究顯示,不同濃度XAV939對(duì)肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞作用24、48 h時(shí),隨XAV939濃度增加,A549細(xì)胞增殖抑制率遞增;相同XAV939濃度作用不同時(shí)間的細(xì)胞增殖抑制率比較,除1 μmol/L組無顯著變化外,其他各組均顯著增加。表明隨作用時(shí)間延長,XAV939對(duì)A549細(xì)胞的增殖抑制作用呈遞增趨勢。細(xì)胞劃痕試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,XAV939可抑制A549細(xì)胞遷移,且隨濃度增加,抑制作用逐漸增強(qiáng)。
β-catenin是WNT通路中重要的信號(hào)傳遞子,其在胞質(zhì)內(nèi)的穩(wěn)定、蓄積及入核是該信號(hào)傳遞的重要步驟。在正常細(xì)胞中,β-catenin主要位于細(xì)胞膜,胞質(zhì)中很少。而一旦在胞質(zhì)發(fā)生累積,β-catenin轉(zhuǎn)位入核增多,與轉(zhuǎn)錄因子TCF/LEF結(jié)合并激活轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,可促進(jìn)下游靶基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄,對(duì)細(xì)胞增殖和分化進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),WNT通路的異常激活可導(dǎo)致腫瘤發(fā)生[13]。根據(jù)以上細(xì)胞增殖和劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,以及劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)中0.1與0.5 μmol/L組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,選擇0.1、1.0、10.0 μmol/L XAV939對(duì)β-catenin的表達(dá)進(jìn)行熒光定位。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),0.1、1.0、10.0 μmol/L組較空白對(duì)照組β-catenin表達(dá)明顯減少,10.0 μmol/L組較其他濃度組明顯減少。免疫熒光定位結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)照組、0.1、1.0、10.0 μmol/L組中β-catenin陽性表達(dá)逐漸由細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)移到細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞膜。由此推測,XAV939可促進(jìn)β-catenin降解,阻止其在細(xì)胞質(zhì)中沉積,進(jìn)而抑制其轉(zhuǎn)位入核,最終抑制WNT通路的異常激活,可能是XAV939抑制肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞增殖和遷移的機(jī)制。
綜上所述,TNKS抑制劑XAV939在肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞中可抑制其增殖和遷移,其作用機(jī)制可能與促進(jìn)β-catenin降解,抑制WNT通路相關(guān)。XAV939可能成為治療肺癌的新型潛在靶標(biāo)。
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Effects of different concentrations of XAV939 on proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells
LIChong1,ZHENGXu,HANYanyan,LYUYan,LANFu,ZHAOJie
(1FirstTeachingHospitalofTianjinUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicine,Tianjin300000,China)
Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of tankyrase small molecule inhibitor XAV939 on proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells.MethodsThe lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were divided into 6 groups: five XAV939 groups which were treated with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 μmol/L XAV939 and blank control group. MTT method was used to detect the cell proliferation of each group and cell scratch test was used to detect the cell migration ability within 24 h. β-catenin mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of β-catenin was located by immune fluorescence. Results①At 24 h or 48 h, the A549 cell proliferation inhibition rates in different XAV939 groups were higher than that in the blank control group (allP<0.05). At the same time point, there was a significant difference in the inhibitory rate of cell proliferation among different concentration groups of XAV939. With the increase of XAV939 concentration, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation increased (P<0.05). ②At 24 h, the scratch width of different XAV939 groups was significantly greater than that of the blank control group (allP<0.05). ③The expression of β-catenin mRNA in different XAV939 groups was significantly decreased as compared with that of the blank control group (allP<0.05).④ In the blank control group, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μmol/L XAV939 group, β-catenin gradually transferred from the expression of cytoplasm/membrane to the expression of nucleus/cytoplasm. ConclusionsXAV939 in vitro may inhibit the proliferation and migration abilities of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of abnormal activation of WNT pathway.
XAV939; lung adenocarcinoma; cell proliferation; β-catenin
天津市衛(wèi)生局科技基金項(xiàng)目(2014KZ130)。
李翀(1974-),女,碩士,副主任醫(yī)師,主要研究方向?yàn)槟[瘤病理學(xué)。E-mail: lc740922@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.22.005
R734.2
A
1002-266X(2016)22-0015-03
2016-02-17)