中國(guó)湖北紅豆杉屬一新變型

費(fèi)永俊，周存宇，袁龍義，沈瑾花，齊 蕊

(長(zhǎng)江大學(xué) 園藝園林學(xué)院，湖北荊州 434025)

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中國(guó)湖北紅豆杉屬一新變型

費(fèi)永俊，周存宇，袁龍義，沈瑾花，齊 蕊

(長(zhǎng)江大學(xué) 園藝園林學(xué)院，湖北荊州 434025)

報(bào)道了紅豆杉屬1新變型——保康紅豆杉[Taxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd f.baokangsisY.J.Fei]。該變型與原變種南方紅豆杉[Taxus.chinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu]主要區(qū)別在于其雄株上有部分枝條發(fā)育成雌性枝條或雌雄球花在同一果枝上，呈現(xiàn)雌雄同株現(xiàn)象。憑證模式標(biāo)本藏于武漢植物園標(biāo)本館(編號(hào)Y.J.Fei001，HIB)。

紅豆杉屬；變型；保康紅豆杉；雌雄同株

筆者2012年11月在湖北保康縣龍坪村、朱砂村進(jìn)行野生南方紅豆杉[Taxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu]種質(zhì)資源調(diào)查時(shí)，采集到1份特殊的南方紅豆杉雌雄同株的有果有雄球花的標(biāo)本，目標(biāo)物種存在于常綠落葉闊葉針葉混交林中，闊葉樹(shù)以落葉為主[1]； 2013年11月，為了研究南方紅豆杉生殖發(fā)育，采集大小孢子葉球時(shí)，又在湖北荊州市行道樹(shù)中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了同樣的現(xiàn)象，該種源于40年前來(lái)自江西廬山，連續(xù)觀(guān)察3年，性狀穩(wěn)定。通過(guò)查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)[2-3]，比較研究了葉片形態(tài)特征，確認(rèn)為系紅豆杉屬一新變型，定名為保康紅豆杉[Taxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd. f.baokangsisY.J.Fei]。

1 保康紅豆杉新變型(圖1)

T.chinensis(Pilger) Rehd.f.baokangsisY.J.Fei，f. nov. (Fig.1).

The major difference betweenTaxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd, f.baokangsisY.J.Fei andTaxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu is that some branches are attached with female strobilus on male plant or staminate strobilus and female cone in the same fruit branch, resulting in monoecism. There are bigger papillae on the abaxial leaf surface and leaf edge ofTaxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd, f.baokangsisY.J.Fei, while the papillae on the abaxial leaf surface of femaleTaxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu are much smaller and the vein on the abaxial leaf surface is protuberant for the male plant. Target species is growing in the mixed evergreen and deciduous conifer. Broadleaf are deciduous mainly. The forest mainly consists of bloom (Chimonanthuspraecox), Japanese cedar (Cryptomeriafortune), ginkgo (Ginkgobiloba), chestnut (Castaneamollissima), Iris (Iristectorum) and other plants.

A.雌雄同株，♀♂示雌雄球花在同一果枝上；B.雌雄同株，♀示主枝上雌球花發(fā)育成的成熟果實(shí)，♂示同一枝條上的當(dāng)年生雄球花； C. 南方紅豆杉雌株葉背面乳突； D. 南方紅豆杉雄株葉背面乳突； E. 保康紅豆杉雌雄同株葉背面乳突圖1 保康紅豆杉和南方紅豆杉A. Monoecism，♀♂refer to female strobilus and male strobilus on the same fruit branch； B. Monoecism，♀ refers to mature seeds developed from female strobilus on main branches, ♂ refers to male strobilus of the year on the same branch； C. Papillae on the abaxial leaf surface of female Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.var. mairei (Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu； D. Papillae on the abaxial leaf surface of male Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.var. mairei (Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu； E. Papillae on the abaxial leaf surface of monoecismic Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rhed, f. baokangsis Y.J.FeiFig. 1 Taxus chinesis (Pilger) Rhed, f. baokangsis Y.J.Fei and Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.var. mairei (Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu

圖2 保康紅豆杉標(biāo)本[Y.J.Fei001(HIB)(Holotype)]Fig.2 Specimen of Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. f. baokangsis[Y. J. Feiool(HIB) (Holotype)]

保康紅豆杉與原變種南方紅豆杉[T.chinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu]主要區(qū)別在于其雄株上有部分枝條發(fā)育成雌性枝條或雌雄球花在同一果枝上，呈現(xiàn)雌雄同株現(xiàn)象。……