拼貼住宅，孟買(mǎi)，印度

拼貼住宅，孟買(mǎi)，印度

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：S+PS建筑師事務(wù)所

Architects: S+PS Architects

生活在印度孟買(mǎi)，城市中的非正規(guī)居所是難以忽視的。如果深入觀察的話，這種居住方式實(shí)際上能夠在節(jié)儉性、適應(yīng)性、多功能性、智慧、獨(dú)創(chuàng)性等方面給人以教益。以這種現(xiàn)象作為對(duì)象進(jìn)行觀察，一種臨時(shí)的、兼收并蓄的、縫補(bǔ)式的、拼貼的視覺(jué)語(yǔ)言體系浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)。我們嘗試借鑒其中的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并避免將其浪漫化或過(guò)分迷戀。項(xiàng)目在不同方面著眼于回收和拼貼的理念，比如從材料、能源等完全物質(zhì)化的實(shí)體到歷史、空間和記憶等無(wú)形的載體。

建筑的正立面所建立的基調(diào)反映了內(nèi)部空間的布局。其中的“集窗角”是通過(guò)城市中被拆除的房屋中回收到的門(mén)窗所構(gòu)成的，它也成為了起居室空間的核心背景，素混凝土板天花與白色拋光大理石鑲嵌交錯(cuò)黃銅紋樣的地板形成鮮明對(duì)比。廢舊金屬管如同竹子般排列在一起，形成一面“管子墻”，墻面同時(shí)整合了結(jié)構(gòu)柱、雨水落水管及以雕塑方式構(gòu)成的排水口，在雨季為人帶來(lái)各種感官的愉悅體驗(yàn)。核心庭院中，一側(cè)是廢棄銹蝕金屬板相互鉚固的構(gòu)成，靠近中間位置是以色彩艷麗的瓷磚樣品貼面的種植槽，另一面則使用從石料加工和工地等處運(yùn)回的石材廢棄片料來(lái)覆蓋墻面。來(lái)自一座拆遷房屋中具有百年歷史的柱子引人回憶，而在露臺(tái)層由鋼和玻璃構(gòu)成的輕質(zhì)小亭（頂部覆有太陽(yáng)能板）更加強(qiáng)了這種懷舊感，小亭同時(shí)也具有俯瞰山坡的絕妙視角。類(lèi)似的方法在內(nèi)部材料與元素的使用上再次得到強(qiáng)化，將新與舊、傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代、粗糙與精致之間的對(duì)比發(fā)揮得淋漓盡致。在這里你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)回收材料的利用，諸如舊紡織品布料、用在鋪地上的舊緬甸柚木椽檁，殖民風(fēng)格家具、織物廢料等；與對(duì)傳統(tǒng)元素與材料的創(chuàng)新使用，比如曲線木線腳、傾斜鏡面、遺產(chǎn)水泥磚等。

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目所使用的建筑語(yǔ)言既新穎，同時(shí)也具有一種陌生的熟悉感，使我們重新思考之前視為理所當(dāng)然的對(duì)于美的認(rèn)知。為了使這座“混搭”建筑更“易接受”，它被“現(xiàn)代性外衣”所包裹。一個(gè)外部為粗糙的裸露骨料狀態(tài)，內(nèi)部則是打磨光潔表面的混凝土框架將整座建筑包裹起來(lái)，并且自后向前連接了跨越三層的所有空間。

在山坡頂部建造本身始終是一件令人興奮的事情，然而建筑師卻發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)場(chǎng)地四周被相鄰建筑完全包圍住。這一狀況促使建筑師在初期的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中就轉(zhuǎn)而向場(chǎng)地內(nèi)部出發(fā)進(jìn)行思考，并圍繞一座典型印度式庭院進(jìn)行建造，當(dāng)然庭院的形式也是適當(dāng)調(diào)整過(guò)的。這座庭院實(shí)際上置于比地面層高出一層，一座大型雨水蓄水池隱藏在其后，水池被用山體開(kāi)鑿時(shí)挖掘出的石塊環(huán)繞。建筑正是以這種方式，塑造了將四代同堂的大家庭組織和集聚起來(lái)的核心空間。□（陳茜 譯）?

1 正立面上的各種回收舊木窗/The front fa?ade of the house displays multiple recycled wood windows

2 各要素的分解軸測(cè)/Exploded axonometric of elements

3 光線透過(guò)客廳的彩色玻璃窗/Light streams through coloured glasses of windows in the living room

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目地址/Location: Parsik Hill，Belapur，Navi Mumbai，India客戶/Client: Mr.Bhargava

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Pinkish Shah，Shilpa Gore-Shah，Mayank Patel，Gaurav Agarwal，Shrutika Nirgun，Divya Malu，Manali Patel，Ved Panchwagh，Priyadarshi Srivastava

合作建筑師/Liasion Architects: Sopan Prabhu Architects

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineers: Rajeev Shah & Associates

服務(wù)顧問(wèn)/Services Consultants: Arkk Consultants

景觀顧問(wèn)/Landscape Consultants: S+PS Architects

場(chǎng)地監(jiān)管/Site Supervision: Amish Mistry Architect

模型/Models: S+PS Architects

項(xiàng)目預(yù)算/Project Estimate: Withheld At Owners Request

建筑相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)及工匠/Architectural Agencies And Craftsmen

主要承包商/Main Civil Contractors: Homework Constructions

材料制造/Fabrication: Deepak Mhatre，Shafibhai，Imam Steel，F(xiàn)urkan Sheikh

灰漿骨料/Aggregate Plaster: Arvind Rathod

窗/Windows: Natwarlal Kawa

垂直測(cè)度/Plumbing Works: Ajay Majhi，Hussainbhai

木工/Carpentary: Aditya Rana

電氣/Electrical: Praful Sonawane，Mahesh Sawant

飾面施工/Civil Finishing Works: Kantilal Suthar，Sawarmal，Jagdish Mulchand，Jagrut Kumar

油漆與拋光施工/Painting & Polishing Works: Bajrangi

紋理抹灰/Textured Plasters: Junaid

基地面積/Site Area: 350m2

建筑面積/Project Area: 520m2

起始時(shí)間/Initiation: 2006

完成時(shí)間/Completion: 2015

攝影/Photos: Sebastian Zachariah，Ira Gosalia，Photographix，Pinkish Shah

Living in Mumbai，India is impossible to ignore the informal settlements in the city，and if looked at closely there are many lessons to be learnt in frugality，adaptability，multi-tasking，resourcefulness and ingenuity.A visual language emerges that is of the found object，ad-hoc，eclectic，patched and collaged.An attempt has been made here to apply some of these lessons without romanticizing or fetishizing them.The project looks at the idea of recycling and collage in several ways，from the very physical-like materials，energy，etc.to the intangible-like history，space and memories.

The front fa?ade sets the tone for what lies within，with a "corner of windows" that recycles old windows and doors of demolished houses in the city.This becomes a major backdrop for the living room with a exposed concrete faceted ceiling above countered by the polished white marble with intricate brass inlay on the floor.Metal pipe leftovers pieced together like bamboo form a "pipe wall" integrating structural columns，rainwater pipes taking water down and a sculpture of spouts that in the monsoon are a delight for all the senses.In the central courtyard on one side scrap rusted metal plates are riveted together，Kitsch colored tile samples retain a planter in the middle and on the third side is a wall clad in cut-waste stone slivers lifted off the back of stone cutting yards and waste generated on site.Hundred-year-old columns from a dismantled house bring back memories，and nostalgia is nourished with a lightweight，steel and glass pavilion（with solar panels above） on the terrace level overlooking fabulous views down the hillside.This approach is reinforced again by the interior materials and elements.It plays up this contrast between the old and the new，the traditional and the contemporary，the rough and the fnished.One fnds use of recycled materials like old textile blocks，F(xiàn)looring out of old Burma teak rafters and purlins，colonial furniture，fabric waste（chindi）along with new ways of using traditional elements and materials like carved wooden mouldings，beveled mirrors，heritage cement tiles，etc.

A language that is both new and strangely familiar at the same time emerges，and it makes us rethink notions of beauty that we take for granted around us.To make this mélange more "acceptable"，it is encased in a "garb of modernity"（Nehru）.This concrete frame - in a rough aggregate fnish outside and in a smooth form finish inside - wraps and connects all the spaces from back to front and across all three levels.

To build on top of a hill is always exciting，until the architects discovered here that they were surrounded by neighbors on all sides.This led early on in the design process to look inwards and build around the quintessential Indian courtyard，albeit slightly modifed.The court is actually raised a foor above the ground level and hidden below is a large rainwater harvesting tank wrapped with rock that was removed from the hillside during excavation.It is the core around which this large four-generation family is organized and comes together.□

Collage House，Mumbai，India，2015

4 首層平面/Floor 0 plan 5 二層平面/Floor 1 plan1-通向首層的室外樓梯/External stairs to foor 0 2-服務(wù)用房/Services 3-管道/Duct 4-停車(chē)場(chǎng)/Parking 5-禮拜室/Puja room 6-電梯/Elevator 7-門(mén)廳/Entrance lounge 8-設(shè)備間/Utility 9-臥室/Bedroom 10-員工休息廳/Staff lobby 11-員工用房/Staff room 12-蔬菜園/Vegetable garden 13-50，000L雨水貯水池/50，000L rain water harvesting tank 14-填土/Earth fll

6 三層平面/Floor 2 plan 7 四層平面/Floor 3 plan 15-露臺(tái)/Veranda 16-庭院/Courtyard 17-溢流池/Spillover pool 18-起居室兼餐廳/Living-dining 19-廚房/Kitchen 20-化妝室/Powder room 21-更衣室/Dresssing 22-書(shū)房/Study 23-健身泳池/Lap pool 24-餐具室/Pantry 25-陽(yáng)臺(tái)/Balcony 26-平臺(tái)/Deck 27-屋頂花園/Roof garden 28-吧臺(tái)/Counter29-屋頂涼亭/Rooftop pavilion 30-旱景陽(yáng)臺(tái)/Dry landscape terrace

8 用于正立面的原始的窗/Origin of windows used in front fa?ade9 位于住宅中央的庭院擁有一個(gè)容量為50，000L的雨水蓄水池/The courtyard at the centre of this house is built over a 50，000 litres rain water harvesting tank

10 墻體剖面及“窗之墻”施工細(xì)節(jié)/Wall section and construction detail of "window wall"

11 通過(guò)庭院的縱剖面/Longitudinal section through courtyard 1-蔬菜園/Vegetable garden 2-屋頂涼亭/Rooftop pavilion 3-臥室/Bedroom 4-員工休息廳/Staff lobby 5-庭院/Courtyard6-50，000L雨水貯水池/50，000L rain water harvesting tank 7-旱景陽(yáng)臺(tái)/Dry landscape terrace 8-起居室兼餐廳/Living-dining 9-停車(chē)場(chǎng)/Parking 10-陽(yáng)臺(tái)/Balcony