邊界之窗，船橋，千葉，日本

2016-10-20 03:41:42司馬蕾

世界建筑 2016年8期

關(guān)鍵詞：建筑設(shè)計

邊界之窗，船橋，千葉，日本

建筑設(shè)計：增田信吾+大坪克亙建筑師事務(wù)所

Architects: Shingo Masuda + Katsuhisa Otsubo Architects

1 外景/Exterior view

這是一棟鋼混結(jié)構(gòu)的兩層建筑，在休息日是供業(yè)主全家過周末用的住宅，工作日則作為業(yè)主經(jīng)營的工作室來使用。

業(yè)主對于建筑的內(nèi)裝和外裝的意向有著清晰的構(gòu)想，我們通過和他溝通商討，讓設(shè)計基本上能遵從他的意愿來進(jìn)行。同時，我們也希望通過設(shè)計，讓建筑和庭院間的邊界能夠不特別偏向哪側(cè)，而是能取得兩者間的平衡。

面向庭院的窗框、玻璃窗扇、窗簾沒有采用常見的將這些構(gòu)件集中在窗洞內(nèi)部進(jìn)行設(shè)計的做法，而是讓建筑的窗洞一字排開直接面向庭院，窗的構(gòu)件則另外形成直通屋頂?shù)恼w墻面。

共由16扇可活動的玻璃窗構(gòu)成的整體玻璃墻通過反射陽光，能將光線帶到庭院內(nèi)部。反射的光線在太陽高度較高的夏天能到達(dá)陽光直射不到的角落，在陰暗的冬天則能讓整個庭院保持亮堂。實(shí)墻與玻璃墻間形成的極薄的3層吹拔空間就像中庭一般，讓灼熱的空氣能在到達(dá)建筑內(nèi)部之前就順著玻璃墻上升到屋頂外，達(dá)到排熱的目的。

玻璃窗扇以二層的窗洞需要的扶手的高度為界劃分為上下兩塊，所以窗框的橫桿正好能作為扶手來使用。當(dāng)打開窗時，窗洞上除了必須的扶手等之外沒有多余的構(gòu)件，形成非常開放的場所。

每塊玻璃窗扇高4.2m，寬1.75m，非常高大，但又需要讓人能夠不費(fèi)力的開啟。為此，仔細(xì)考慮構(gòu)成窗扇的鋼框和嵌在其中的玻璃的重量和厚度，讓窗扇能盡量地輕質(zhì)化非常重要。最后，我們選用了能耐受變形，在彎曲10cm左右的時候玻璃不會開裂、窗扇也不會脫落的構(gòu)造，以應(yīng)對暴風(fēng)時的需要。窗扇的各塊玻璃的比例和尺度的設(shè)計從建筑的內(nèi)部來看非常平常，但從外側(cè)看時則整體上連接在一起，形成巨大的尺度感，從而同時實(shí)現(xiàn)寧靜的室內(nèi)空間氛圍和大氣的建筑外觀。

建筑的內(nèi)側(cè)是屬于個人的室內(nèi)空間，而外側(cè)則必須具備與周邊融合的公共性，當(dāng)兩者相對時，邊界之處應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對呢？我們的考慮是讓兩種不同的屬性統(tǒng)一到一種情景中去，讓邊界部分不只關(guān)照其中一側(cè)，而是綜合各種不同的情況，平衡各個不同的尺度和它們互相之間的影響。我們希望設(shè)計不僅能考慮到建筑和空間本身的需求，更要能改變對建筑空間和庭院規(guī)劃有著重要影響的、形成場所的那些前提條件。換而言之，不是要設(shè)計建筑，而是要在日常深入思考設(shè)計中需要處理的重要條件，提出“針對環(huán)境的提案”。□（司馬蕾日譯中）

2 總平面/Site plan

3 軸測/Axonometric

4 外景/Exterior view

This is a two-story building in reinforced concrete，which has been utilized as a weekend house for the owner's family，and also serves as his studio during the weekdays.

The owner had a clear plan for the interior and exterior of his building.After our conversation with him，we decided to ensure the design would closely follow his demands.We attempt to strike the balance between the building and its courtyard，instead of drawing a boundary and highlighting one side at the expense of the other.

We did not employ any conventional approach for window frames，glass casements and curtains that face toward the courtyard，usually designed all together as a set.On the contrary，we designed all the windows to line up facing toward the courtyard and，together with all window components，form a huge wall which leads up to the roof of the building.

The enormous glass wall that consists of 16 movable glass windows brings the reflected sunlight into the courtyard.In summer，the solar elevation angle rises higher； the refected light can reach the corner which the direct sunlight cannot.In sunless winter，the reflected light can keep the entire courtyard bright.The 3-layered，extremely thin space between the solid wall and the glass wall acts as an atrium，which aids heat dissipation by capturing rising heat against the glass wall and discharging it out of the roof before it reaches the inside of the building.

The balustrades of windows on the second foor functions as a boundary which divide the glass wall into two parts； the upper part and lower part.Therefore，the "boundary" - rails，can be used as balustrades.When the window is opened，there are no other components but rails，ensuring a very open space.

Each casement of glass window is 4.2m in height and 1.75m in width.They are massive yet easy to move.The selection of steel frames for the window，as well as the weight and thickness of embedded windows，became very important as they had to be as light as possible.In the end，we decided to use an anti-deformation structure，in prevention of window panel，and allow approximately 10cm of a fexibility for the bending of casements，in the case of storm winds.The proportion and dimension of each glass in the casement seems fairly ordinary from the inside looking out.However，when viewed from the outside，it presents integrality and a sense of spatial scale.As a result，it provides a peaceful indoor space and magnifcent look at the same time.

The interior of a building is generally reserved as a private indoor space，while the exterior must take into consideration the surrounding environment.When these two meet，how can we deal with the boundaries that separate them？ We propose to combine two different parts into one，which unifies theirdiversity as well as equilibrates their varied dimensions and influences instead of tackling just one part.We hope the design not only meets the needs of its primary function as a building，but also changes prerequisites towards the design of architectural space and courtyard.In other words，it is not merely an architectural design，but presenting a proposal to its surrounding，which requires us to think deeply about the important conditions that we must consider when designing.□（Translated by Dandan Wang）