人文的英雄主義

張利/ZHANG Li

人文的英雄主義

張利/ZHANG Li

這是一個(gè)每年令人期待的時(shí)刻。自2013年起，《世界建筑》每年以一部專輯的篇幅報(bào)道一位文革以后的中國當(dāng)代建筑師，希望以這種帶有歷史研究色彩的方式讓更多的人了解中國當(dāng)代建筑師的思想與作品，對這一群體以及他們所造就的中國當(dāng)代建筑有更為清晰的認(rèn)識。本期，我們將聚焦于中國工程院院士孟建民。

根據(jù)我國目前一直使用的對于建筑師的分類（雖然這種分類本身也正在受到質(zhì)疑），孟建民無疑是“體制內(nèi)建筑師”，面對著“體制內(nèi)建筑師”們所必須面對的共同挑戰(zhàn)。同時(shí)，孟建民的發(fā)展路徑中也有著很獨(dú)特的部分。如果說從未泯滅的英雄主義是這一代建筑師、特別其中經(jīng)常面對大型公共建筑的建筑師的共性的話，孟建民因?yàn)樗厥獾钠髽I(yè)管理經(jīng)歷，又為這種英雄主義增添了一層面向復(fù)雜人性的人文主義色彩。

孟建民于1978年春就讀于東南大學(xué)，是“文化大革命”結(jié)束后的第一批建筑專業(yè)學(xué)生，師從齊康院士取得博士學(xué)位后，應(yīng)學(xué)校的召喚到深圳特區(qū)發(fā)展，他在1990年代先是創(chuàng)辦東南大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)院深圳分院，后又通過競聘擔(dān)任了深圳市設(shè)計(jì)總院的院長，進(jìn)行了無異于當(dāng)下我們常說的“創(chuàng)業(yè)”工作。可以想象的是，在當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史環(huán)境下，“創(chuàng)業(yè)”的難度要遠(yuǎn)大于今天。在這種長時(shí)間的管理過程中，孟建民獲得了超越建筑師思維定式的營養(yǎng)，為他深刻理解人性與社會的復(fù)雜，形成以人（特別是普通人）為本的價(jià)值取向奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這一價(jià)值取向在他創(chuàng)作的大量醫(yī)療建筑和文教建筑中得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。面對的是截然不同的空間需求，特別極端復(fù)雜的工藝流程，孟建民以游刃有余的設(shè)計(jì)梳理基本，以兼具西方與東方現(xiàn)代建筑的意蘊(yùn)增添情懷，使這些建筑在實(shí)際使用中得到了廣泛的認(rèn)同。

孟建民是東南大學(xué)的高才學(xué)生，自然也延續(xù)了可追溯至東南大學(xué)老一代建筑師們的堅(jiān)韌與細(xì)膩，具備以取向永恒的方法表現(xiàn)建筑的寧靜與質(zhì)樸的功力。這顯然是伴隨著建筑歷史而一直存在的英雄主義線索。在他創(chuàng)作的各個(gè)時(shí)期，孟建民都有重要的紀(jì)念性建筑作品問世。其所倡導(dǎo)的“簡形”設(shè)計(jì)方法，使他即使是在體量不大的紀(jì)念建筑中，仍然能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對場所與環(huán)境有著極強(qiáng)的控制。我們經(jīng)常會感慨在今天的建筑中尺度、比例等經(jīng)典設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)注的缺席，但在孟建民的建筑中，它們不僅明確地存在，而且是令人信服地存在。

孟建民所提出的“人文、健康、高效”的“本原設(shè)計(jì)”思想是其對自己30余年建筑生涯的總結(jié)。在孟建民的建筑中，人文主義與英雄主義的交織顯然是回到建筑本原的一種途徑。

感謝孟建民建筑設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)對本期專輯的支持與配合。

This is the much expected time of the year. Since 2013， World Architecture makes a special issue every year focusing on one post-culture-revolution Chinese architect. The purpose of such a practice is to carry out a historical investigation， getting closer to the true path of contemporary Chinese architecture. A deep understanding of this group of architects is in itself a revelation. Today， we focus on MENG Jianmin.

Based on the cliché classifcation of Chinese architects，MENG belongs to the institutionalised group， facing all the common challenges shared by people in this group. Yet MENG Jianmin has something unique in his career path. If heroism never dies in his age group of architects， MENG overlaps this heroism with a layer of humanism in his approach， very much owing to the management experience he has in his career.

Being the first batch of graduate student in postculture-revolution China， MENG went to Shenzhen to set up the Design Institute Branch of South East University（SEU），before winning the candidacy for the Chairman of Shenzhen Design Institute. There is unmistakable entrepreneurship in MENG， though realising the potential back then was way harder than it is today. MENG took all the challenges and led out more-than-a-decade of successful management. It is from this that MENG gained a vision that is much broader than， sometime simply contradictive to that of an architect. Having dealt with complicated human nature，MENG built an approach that can address normal people. He has embodied this down-to-earth humanism in many of his hospitals and schools. His capability of resolving sophisticated functional fows with simple means provides the necessities. His perseverance of decency of human space delivers the excellence.

MENG was one of the best students in South East University. In him we see the SEU tradition of persistence and delicacy. He possesses the skills of implanting a building with silence and eternity. He extends the line of heroism that has been with architecture since the very beginning. All through his career， he has made convincing monumental buildings. He uses simple forms in compelling interventions in different places. Proportion and scale， something that is painfully lacking in some contemporary architects， is in ample supply in MENG.

MENG has recently summarised his architecture philosophy as the "basics of architecture"， advocating humanism， health and efficiency. The interweaving of humanism and heroism in his buildings is certainly one sounding way to return to the basics.

Special thanks to MENG Jianmin's Design Team for their support to this issue.

孟建民

中國工程院院士，全國建筑設(shè)計(jì)大師。畢業(yè)于東南大學(xué)獲博士學(xué)位。現(xiàn)任深圳市建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究總院有限公司總建筑師、中國建筑學(xué)會副理事長、中國建筑學(xué)會建筑師分會副理事長、深圳市勘察設(shè)計(jì)行業(yè)協(xié)會名譽(yù)會長。兼任東南大學(xué)、華南理工大學(xué)、深圳大學(xué)等高校教授。被先后授予全國建筑大師稱號、梁思成建筑獎(jiǎng)、南粵百杰人才獎(jiǎng)。主持設(shè)計(jì)了渡江戰(zhàn)役紀(jì)念館、玉樹地震遺址紀(jì)念館、香港大學(xué)深圳醫(yī)院、深港西部通道口岸旅檢大樓、昆明云天化集團(tuán)總部等各類工程項(xiàng)目200余項(xiàng)，獲得各類專業(yè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)80余項(xiàng)。出版《本原設(shè)計(jì)》《新醫(yī)療建筑的創(chuàng)作與實(shí)踐》等多部論著，提出了“本原設(shè)計(jì)”的創(chuàng)作理論，倡導(dǎo)“全方位人文關(guān)懷”理念和“三全方法論”，為工程實(shí)踐提供了具有可操作性的系統(tǒng)方法與路徑。

MENG Jianmin

Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering， National Design Master. PHD.，of Southeast University. MENG Jianmin is the Chief Architect of Shenzhen General Institute of Architectural Design and Research Co.，Ltd， the Vice President of the Architectural Society of China（ASC）， the Deputy Chairman of the branch of Architects of ASC and the Honorary Chairman of the Shenzhen Exploration & Design Association. He is also a professor at the Southeast University， South China University of Technology and Shenzhen University. In 2006， he was selected as national design master by the Ministry of Construction，People's Republic of China. In 2014， he was awarded the Liang Sicheng Architecture Award by ASC and Outstanding Talents Award of Guangdong by Guangdong provincial party committee and government.

MENG has directed more than 200 projects，including the Memorial of Crossingthe-Yangtze-River Campaign， Yushu Earthquake Ruins Memorial，the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital，Passenger Terminal Building of Shenzhen Bay Port， and Headquarters of Yuntianhua Group in Kunming， etc.，awarded more than 80 professional architecture awards. He also published a number of academic books， such as Humanistic Design ， Implementation of Innovative Healthcare Design and so on. He puts forward the architecture theory called "Humanistic Design" which initiates the idea of Omni-humanistic Solicitude and Technical Methodology， providing operable system approaches and technical strategies for practice.

Humanistic Heroism

清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院/《世界建筑》

2016-10-11