一、認識同位語及同位語從句
1. 同位語
著名的英語語法大家薄冰說,“當兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時,一個句子成分可用來說明或解釋另一個句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位語 (appositive)”。而充當同位語的多為名詞或代詞,有時也可用數詞、形容詞、不定式或動名詞等充當同位語。
如:We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.
我們中國人民決心將中國建設成一個強大繁榮的國家。
They all wanted to see the film. 他們都想看電影。
Are you two ready? 你們倆都準備好了嗎?
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他讀各種各樣的書, 古今中外的都有。
Our suggestion, to concentrate on primary education, has got many supporters. 我們的集中全力于初等教育的建議得到了很多人的支持。
The first proposal, working at night, was turned down. 第一個建議,“挑燈夜戰”,被拒絕了。
2. 同位語從句
1) 同位語從句, 通俗地講,就是在主從復合句中,用一個從句,放在某些名詞后面,用來說明這些名詞的具體內容。
I heard the news that our team had won.我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。
I have no idea when she will come. 我不知道她什么時候來。
2) 后常接同位語從句的名詞有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words,possibility等。
如:Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我從王先生那里帶來口信他今天下午不能來看你了。
I have no idea what he said at the meeting. 我不知道他在會上說了些什么。
There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job. 他是不是擔任那項工作的最佳人選,有點疑問。
Is there any possibility that he will be elected chairman? 他有被選為主席的可能嗎?
3) 引導同位語從句的連接詞及其功能與特點
連接詞功能與特點例句
連接詞
that,
whether
同位語從句意義完整,應用that引導同位語從句。
that 在從句中不擔任任何成分,僅起連接作用,無語義,不可省略。The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
同位語從句意義不完整,需表達“是否”的含義,應用whether引導同位語從句。whether 在從句中不擔任任何成分,僅起連接作用,但有語義。
(if不能引導同……