直徑155mm螺桿的單螺桿膨脹機性能試驗

夏國棟 陳夏 張業強 吉威寧

摘 要：針對自主研制的螺桿直徑為155 mm的單螺桿膨脹機，分別進行了壓縮空氣膨脹和有機朗肯循環性能試驗。采用高壓空氣瓶作為氣源，建立了壓縮空氣單螺桿膨脹機性能試驗系統進行了壓力、轉速、油氣分離器濾芯等對膨脹機性能影響的試驗研究。結果表明：當采用氣瓶氣源時，膨脹機處于變工況運行，工作過程分成“漸變段”“階躍段”和“穩定段”3個階段；膨脹機進氣體積流量隨轉速的增加而升高，不受進氣壓力的影響；高的進氣壓力和轉速下，膨脹機可獲得較好的動力性能、經濟性能和效率性能。建立了單螺桿膨脹機有機朗肯循環性能試驗臺，進行了有機朗肯循環單螺桿膨脹機性能試驗，獲得了蒸汽干度和背壓對單螺桿膨脹機性能的影響規律，結果表明單螺桿膨脹機的入口工質壓力、輸出功率、輸出扭矩、膨脹比隨著干度的增加而增加。

關鍵詞：單螺桿膨脹機 壓縮空氣 有機朗肯循環 性能試驗

Abstract：Experiments on compressed air and Organic Rankine Cycle （ORC） were made for single screw expander with Φ155 mm screw：（1）Experiment platforms of compressed air power systems are designed and set up using compressed air bottle as gas source. Experimental researches on the influence of pressure，rotating speed and filter element on the performance of single screw expanders were carried out. The results show that single-screw engine is in the variable parameter operation including three stages of the “transition section”， “step-section” and the “stable section” with compressed air bottle taken， which is dependent on the working characteristics of pressure reducer. The power output increases with increasing intake pressure and rotational speed， however， the torque increases with increasing intake pressure but decreases with increasing rotational speed. Both low air consumption rate and high total efficiency can be achieved at high intake pressure and high rotational speed， which indicate satisfactory power output and economic performance of single screw expanders. According to experiments， the biggest output power about 9.92 kW， the lowest air consuming rate of less than 60 kg/kWh and the highest total efficiency about 58.27% have been gotten at the intake pressure of 11 bar and the rotational speed of 3000 rpm. Single screw expander without filter element has bigger temperature difference， output power， efficiency than that with filter elements. Total output work of single screw expander without filter elements is 1.93 times of that with filter elements. Output power increase with temperature difference of single screw expander， the experimental correlations with data at different inlet pressure and rotating is a quadratic polynomial. （2） Experiments on organic Rankine cycle with single screw expander was performed to obtain the effect of steam dryness and backpressure on the performance of single screw expander. The results show that the inlet pressure of the working fluid， output power， output torque and expansion ratio are increased with the increasing of dryness. The efficiency of single screw expander is affected by several factors， such as rotating speed， dryness and back pressure， and the highest total efficiency of single-screw expander is 60.54%. the output power， output torque， expansion ratio and efficiency decreased with the increasing of out back pressure.

Key Words：Single screw expander；Compressed air；Organic Rankine Cycle；Performance test

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