陸萬里 周盛 滕華建 蔣青▲
1.南京大學醫學院附屬鼓樓醫院運動醫學與成人重建外科,江蘇南京210008;
2.南京大學模式動物研究所骨與關節疾病遺傳研究實驗室,江蘇南京210061
股骨頸骨折患者圍術期血清骨硬化蛋白及D ickkop f-1蛋白水平變化規律及意義
陸萬里1,2周盛1,2滕華建2蔣青1,2▲
1.南京大學醫學院附屬鼓樓醫院運動醫學與成人重建外科,江蘇南京210008;
2.南京大學模式動物研究所骨與關節疾病遺傳研究實驗室,江蘇南京210061
目的探討股骨頸骨折患者圍術期血清骨硬化蛋白(SOST)和Dickkopf-1(Dkk-1)蛋白的變化規律及臨床意義。方法選擇2014年8月~2015年8月于南京大學醫學院附屬鼓樓醫院行股骨頸骨折關節置換術患者45例為實驗組,采集患者術前1 d及術后1、3、5 d空腹靜脈血樣;選擇同期45例年齡、性別、體重指數配對的健康體檢者作為對照組。檢測兩組患者血清中SOST和Dkk-1水平并進行分析。結果實驗組患者術前血清SOST為1.3(1,2.39)ng/mL,Dkk-1為(2.87±1.08)ng/mL,明顯低于照組[SOST為1.95(1.64,2.64)ng/mL,Dkk-1為(3.66± 1.21)ng/mL](P<0.01)。實驗組患者圍術期血清SOST與Dkk-1均呈先升高后下降的趨勢,且兩者呈正相關(P<0.05)。血清SOST在術后1 d迅速升高至1.49(1.07,1.99)ng/mL,術后3 d降至1.3(0.97,2.1)ng/mL,術后5 d迅速降至1.01(0.91,1.55)ng/mL,與術前比較差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。血清Dkk-1在術后1 d顯著升高至(3.04±1.04)ng/mL,術后3 d升至(3.07±1.19)ng/mL,術后5 d降至(2.93±1.08)ng/mL,但術后3、5 d值與術前比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。結論圍術期股骨頸骨折關節置換術患者血清SOST與Dkk-1均呈先升高后下降的趨勢。血清SOST術后變化較DKK-1更敏感,趨勢更顯著,可作為骨折后機體成骨能力的標志物及潛在的藥物治療靶咖。
股骨頸骨折;骨硬化蛋白;Dickkopf-1;經典W nt信號通路
股骨頸骨折好發于老年人,若治療效果不佳,常導致骨折不愈合或股骨頭壞死,最終需行髖關節置換術[1]。隨著我國人口老齡化加劇及股骨頸骨折患者增多,將產生沉重的社會及經濟負擔[2-3]。經典Wnt(CannoicalWnt)信號通路是促進成骨細胞分化、增殖、活性表達,抑制成脂分化及成骨細胞凋亡的關鍵信號通路[4]。分泌型蛋白骨硬化蛋白(sclerostin,SOST)及Dickkopf-1(Dkk-1)均為Wnt信號通路拮抗劑,其通過與Wnt共受體——低密度脂蛋白相關蛋白5/6(LRP5/6)結合以阻斷Wnt信號通路,進而抑制骨形成,其在骨穩態中啟著重要的作用[5-7]。然而,股骨頸骨折后患者血清SOST及Dkk-1動態變化情況尚無相關研究。故本文主要探索股骨頸骨折后圍術期血清SOST及Dkk-1變化規律及其臨床意義。
1.1 一般資料
選擇2014年8月~2015年8月于南京大學醫學院附屬鼓樓醫院(以下簡稱“我;”)運動醫學與成人重建外科行股骨頸骨折關節置換術患者45例為實驗組,其中男16例,女29例,年齡48~92歲,平均(73.7±10)歲,體重指數平均為(22.7±3.2)kg/m2。按股骨頸骨折Garden分型[8]:其中Ⅲ型15例,Ⅳ型30例。納入標準:①傷后2 d內入;,6 d內手術的患者;②年齡大于40歲;③有明確的股骨頸骨折病史,無其他嚴重的系統性合并傷;④無嚴重的系統性并發癥,如心、肺、肝、腎等明顯的實質性病變;⑤無惡性腫瘤及其他神經系統、免疫系統病史者;⑥無細菌,病毒感染病史。排除標準:①近1個月內有手術及創傷史者;②有嚴重貧血,出血性疾病史。③術后有感染跡象患者。同期選擇我;門診健康年齡、性別、體重指數配對的體檢者45例作為對照組。本研究通過南京大學醫學院附屬鼓樓醫院倫理委員會批準,所有入組者均簽署知情同意書。
1.2 方法
所有入組者均于清晨空腹采集肘部靜脈血3~5mL,靜置后4℃條件下3500 r/min離心10 min,血清分裝后于-80℃冰箱凍存待測。實驗組于術前1 d及術后第1、3、5 d共采集4次。對照組采集1次。血清中SOST及Dkk-1蛋白的檢測均采用免疫磁珠流式液相芯片技術(Luminex),試劑均購自美國EMD Millipore公司,操作嚴格按說明書進行。進行血清學檢測的技術人員均不知道入組血樣的個人信息。
1.3 統計學方法
采用SPSS 22.0統計軟件對數據進行分析,正態分布的計量資料以均數±標準差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗;(非正態分布的計量資料用中位數(M)及四分位數(P25,P75)表示,采用Wilcoxon符號秩和檢驗。計數資料以率表示,采用X2檢驗。相關性分析采用Spearman秩相關分析。以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2.1 對照組及實驗組不同時間點血清SOST及Dkk-1蛋白表達水平
實驗組患者術前血清SOST及Dkk-1值與對照組比較均顯著降低,差異有高度統計學意義(P<0.01)。而圍術期實驗組患者血清SOST及Dkk-1值均呈現先升高后降低的趨勢,其中術后1 d SOST及Dkk-1值均顯著升高;術后3~5 d,血清SOST值延續降低的趨勢,并與術前值比較,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。而血清Dkk-1值于術后3 d升至最高,術后3~5 d則呈現降低的趨勢,仍高于術前,但與術前比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。見表1。

表1 對照組及實驗組不同時間點血清SOST及Dkk-1蛋白表達水平
2.2 股骨頸骨折患者圍術期血清SOST及Dkk-1值相關性分析
股骨頸骨折患者圍術期各時間咖血清SOST及Dkk-1值變化均呈正相關(P<0.05),相關系數在術后1 d最大,在術前最低。見表2。

表2 股骨頸骨折患者圍術期各時間點血清SOST及Dkk-1值相關性
骨折的愈合過程分為血腫炎癥機化期、原始骨痂形成期,骨痂改造塑形期三個階段。一般認為,骨折愈合過程中骨吸收和骨形成較生理性骨再生明顯活躍[9-10]。經典Wnt信號通路在促進成骨過程中發揮至關重要的核心作用[4]。分泌型蛋白SOST及Dkk-1均為Wnt信號通路拮抗劑,其通過與Wnt共受體——低密度脂蛋白相關蛋白5/6(LRP5/6)結合以阻斷Wnt信號通路,進而抑制骨形成,其在調節成骨過程及骨愈合中起著重要的作用[5,11]。然而,血清SOST與Dkk-1蛋白在股骨頸骨折患者圍術期變化情況尚無相關研究。故本研究著重探索血清SOST及Dkk-1蛋白在股骨頸骨折患者圍術期變化規律及其臨床意義。
在成人中,SOST蛋白主要由骨細胞分泌[12]。SOST基因缺失的患者表現為骨量增加[13]。而SOST基因敲除的小鼠骨量、骨密度及骨骼強度都明顯增加[14]。此外,應用SOST單克隆抗體可以促進骨折小鼠模型骨折端的成骨細胞分化,骨量增加,加速骨折的愈合過程,并提高骨強度[15-16]。Caetano-Lopes等[17]在研究老年人脆性骨折時發現,骨折后骨折端骨組織中SOST基因表達水平顯著降低,提示SOST對成骨細胞的抑制降低,成骨作用的加強。有相關研究表明,人體血清SOST蛋白表達水平可能與年齡、性別、體重指數相關[18-19],故本文選擇了與股骨頸骨折患者年齡、性別,BMI配對的正常人作為對照組,以降低研究人群的偏倚,提高研究結果的科學性及可靠性。本文研究發現,股骨頸骨折患者術前血清SOST水平較正常對照組顯著降低,與Caetano-Lopes等[17]研究結果趨勢相符。而且本研究還發現,股骨頸骨折患者術后1 d血清SOST蛋白水平較術前顯著增高,術后3、5 d逐漸降低。這可能是因為手術中損傷骨組織,造成骨細胞損傷,進而使釋放入血的SOST蛋白明顯增高,造成術后1 d血清SOST蛋白水平顯著升高。而骨折后骨細胞表達的SOST基因顯著降低,SOST蛋白合成減少,進而造成釋放入血的SOST蛋白減少,使得術后3、5 d血清SOST蛋白水平迅速降低,對機體成骨能力抑制減弱,機體骨形成加強,促進骨折的愈合過程。
DKK-1蛋白由成骨細胞,成熟的骨細胞,內皮細胞,神經細胞,血小板等組織表達及合成[20-21]。DKK-1基因敲除的小鼠因胚胎發育異常無法存活,故利用基因敲除小鼠研究DKK-1與骨折愈合作用的相關研究較少,而在DKK-1雜合小鼠中成骨細胞數量,骨形成指標均明顯增高[21]。Goldstein等[22]研究發現,應用DKK-1蛋白單克隆抗體可以顯著抑制骨肉瘤移植骨塊的生長及轉移,故DKK-1在骨形成中起到重要的作用。Bajada等[23]研究發現,DKK-1基因在脛骨骨折不愈合患者的骨折端基質細胞中顯著高表達,其有可能參與骨折不愈合過程。而本研究發現,DKK-1參與股骨頸骨折后骨折愈合的過程,并可能起到重要的作用。股骨頸骨折患者術前血清DKK-1蛋白水平較正常對照組顯著降低,術后1 d血清DKK-1水平顯著升高,術后3 d血清DKK-1水平延續升高的趨勢,而術后5 d血清DKK-1蛋白水平呈現逐漸降低的趨勢,但降低幅度小于SOST蛋白且與術前DKK-1蛋白水平比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。股骨頸骨折患者術前血清DKK-1蛋白水平顯著降低,術后5 d亦呈降低趨勢,其抑制機體成骨作用的能力減弱,機體骨形成增強,促進骨折愈合。術后1、3 d血清DKK-1蛋白水平呈升高趨勢,有可能是手術應激及手術損傷骨組織造成細胞破壞,DKK-1蛋白釋放入血過多所致。
綜上所述,作為成骨作用的負性調節因子,SOST及DKK-1在股骨頸骨折后骨愈合的過程中起到重要的作用。股骨頸骨折患者術前血清SOST及Dkk-1蛋白水平與對照組相比均顯著降低,而圍術期血清SOST及Dkk-1蛋白水平均呈現先升高后降低的趨勢。但血清SOST蛋白較Dkk-1蛋白術后降低的變化更敏感,幅度更大,趨勢更顯著,再考慮到SOST單克隆抗體可以促進骨折愈合,故血清SOST蛋白可以作為骨折后反映機體成骨能力的良好標志物及潛在的藥物治療靶咖。
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Dynam ic change rule of serum sclerostin and Dickkop f-1 in fem oral neck fracture patients and their clinical significance
LUWanli1,2ZHOU Sheng1,2TENGHuajian2JIANG Qing1,2▲
1.Department of Sports Medicine&Adult Reconstructive Surgery,Drum Tower Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School,Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210008,China;2.Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases,Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University,Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210061,China
Ob jective To explore the dynamic change ruleof serum Sclerostin(SOST)and Dickkopf-1(Dkk-1)in femoral neck fracture patients and their clinical significance.M ethods From August 2014 to August 2015,in Drum Tower Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School,45 femoral neck fracture patientswere selected as experiment group,the fasting peripheral blood samples were collected at 1 d before surgery and 1,3,5 d after surgery;at the same period,45 healthy outpatientmedical examination which persons matched in age,sex and BMI were selected as control group.Serum concentrations of SOST and Dkk-1 of two groups were decected and analyzed. Resu lts Before surgery the levels of serum SOST and Dkk-1 of patients in experiment group were lower than those in control group[1.3(1,2.39),(2.87±1.08)ng/mL vs 1.95(1.64,2.64),(3.66±1.21)ng/mL,P<0.01].At perioperative period,levels of serum SOST and Dkk-1 of patients in experiment group presented the trend of rising after the surgery then decreased gradually,and there was positive correlation between them(P<0.05).The serum levels of SOST rapidly increased to 1.49(1.07-1.99)ng/mL at 1 d after surgery,then decreased to 1.3(0.97,2.1)ng/mL at 3 d after surgery,and rapidly decreased to 1.01(0.91,1.55)ng/mL at 5 d after surgery,compared with that before surgery,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The serum levels of Dkk-1 rapidly increased to(3.04±1.04)ng/mL at 1 d after surgery,then increased to(3.07±1.19)ng/mL at3 d after surgery,and decreased to(2.93±1.08)ng/mL at5 d after surgery,but those at 3,5 d after surgery were compared with that before surgery,the differenceswere not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion The perioperative levels of serum SOST and Dkk-1 show the trend of rising afterthe surgery then decreased gradually.But the serum change and the trend of SOST ismore sensitive and obvious than thatof Dkk-1.So serum concentrations of SOSTmay be amarker of osteogenesis and a potential therapeutic target after fracture.
Femoral neck fracture;Sclerostin;Dickkopf-1;CanonicalWnt signaling
R687.5
A
1673-7210(2016)05(c)-0089-04
2016-02-18本文編輯:蘇暢)
國家自然科學基金資助項目(81472116)。▲