英語書面表達(dá)中如何“短話長說”

張娟

書面表達(dá)是英語語言技能中不可缺少的一個(gè)重要組成部分，更是語言綜合運(yùn)用能力的重要表現(xiàn)形式，它涉及語法、詞匯、文體等諸多方面的知識(shí)。很多學(xué)生面對寫作話題時(shí)，感到無話可說，沒有東西可寫，即使寫出來也不過是一兩句話，即文章篇幅太短。下面筆者就從日常的教學(xué)實(shí)踐出發(fā)，談?wù)勅绾渭娱L自己的文章。

一、利用模板

當(dāng)我們在寫辯論性議論文，表達(dá)對社會(huì)某一事件或現(xiàn)象的看法時(shí)，就可以用如下模板。

When it comes to the issue of...，the majority of people seem to get accustomed to the idea that...However，attitudes towards...vary from person to person.

Some people firmly believe that...，there are some factors contributing to this attitude as follows，in the first place，...in the second place，...On top of that，...

As a matter of fact，it is not often the case. Others have a preference for...，there are several remarkable reasons. For one thing，...for another，...

On my part...

二、附加成分作解釋說明——添加與所給信息有關(guān)的前因后果及條件，目的等內(nèi)容

1. 這樣更方便照顧父母。拓展：因?yàn)楦改冈絹碓侥赀~。（原因）

It will be much more convenient to look after our parents because they are getting older and older.

2. 因廣告過多，影片放映晚點(diǎn)。拓展：這導(dǎo)致觀眾不耐煩甚至惱火。（后果）

There were too many advertisements that they delayed the time of showing the film，which made audience impatient and some of them even annoyed.

3. 安全出口（exit）標(biāo)志不明， 存在安全隱患（potential hazard）。拓展：萬一遇到危險(xiǎn)， 觀眾難以逃脫。（條件 ）

The exit is not clear，so there will be potential hazard. In case of danger，it is difficult for the audience to escape.

4. 對中學(xué)生假期通訊方式進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查。拓展：為了了解中學(xué)生假期通訊方式。（目的）

In order to learn about how our high school students communicate with each other during the holiday，we did a survey with the help of my classmates.

三、使用固定句型

1. 表達(dá)“不同原因”的概括語

The reason why...is that...

The reasons are as follows.

There are several reasons for this.

2. 表達(dá)“眾所周知”的概括語

What is known to us is that...

It is generally believed that...

It is universally acknowledged that...

3. 表達(dá)“毋庸置疑”的概括語（無需說明事實(shí)的）

It is obvious that...

It goes without saying that...

It is needless to say that...

四、添加諺語（Proverb）

1. 鍛煉對學(xué)生有好處。

It is good for us students to take exercise.

添加諺語為：

As the saying goes，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” It is good for us students to take exercise.

2. 我們應(yīng)集中注意力在學(xué)習(xí)上。

We should focus our mind on our studies.

添加諺語為：

As the saying goes，“No pains，no gains.” We should focus our mind on our studies.

下面是我們寫作時(shí)常用的諺語：

Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁熱打鐵。

Think twice before you do. 三思而后行。

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush. 一鳥在手勝過雙鳥在林。

Do as the Romans do. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。

Do it now. 機(jī)不可失，時(shí)不再來。

Failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母。

It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。

An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一個(gè)蘋果， 醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我。

All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。

五、舉例說明

1. 青少年應(yīng)盡我們所能保護(hù)環(huán)境、拯救地球。

We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth.

舉例說明后的句子為：We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth. For example，we can use recyclable bags instead of plastic bags，refuse to use single-use products，plant more trees and save water and energy.

2. 人口密集地區(qū)遭受許多自然災(zāi)害。

Many populated areas suffer from many natural disasters such as flood，hurricanes，droughts or other disasters.

六、結(jié)尾提出倡議或號(hào)召

1. 珍惜每一滴水

提出倡議：

Therefore，we should no longer be indifferent about this. To protect our valuable water resources，we should call on people to cherish every drop of water. Otherwise，maybe the last drops of water will be our tears.

提出號(hào)召：

As middle school students，we also have a part to play. Do remember： we are not saving water，we are saving our own life. With everyone doing his bit，we can make a difference.

2. 保護(hù)環(huán)境

結(jié)尾提出倡議或號(hào)召：

As students，we should start from ourselves. Here I'd like to remind my friend to take the lead in protecting the environment. With everyone doing his bit，we can change the present situation.

3. 參加俱樂部或活動(dòng)

提出倡議或號(hào)召：

Don't hesitate. It will be great fun！

Don't wait. Join us now！

Since it has so many benefits，what are you waiting for？

Start to join us now！

寫作練習(xí)

現(xiàn)在，青少年肥胖問題越來越嚴(yán)重，父母對此非常擔(dān)心。請你根據(jù)以下提示寫一篇文章。

要求：1. 字?jǐn)?shù)150左右；

2. 對所有要點(diǎn)要適當(dāng)發(fā)揮， 不要簡單翻譯；

3. 開頭已給出， 不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：肥胖 obesity 垃圾食品 junk food

Recently，the phenomenon of teen obesity has made a lot of parents concerned.

要點(diǎn)分析：

一、利用模板

When it comes to the phenomenon of teen obesity，our parents are in great concern.Why are so many kids getting fatter and fatter？

Some are ...，others are...

On my part，...

二、原因

1. 缺少運(yùn)動(dòng)

Because of the popularity of TV and computers，and because students have so much homework to do，they are getting less exercise than before.

2. 飲食結(jié)構(gòu)不合理

Because people's quality of life has gotten better and better，families can afford to buy many foods，such as meat，chocolate and other sweet or oily snacks，which might make the kids overweight.

三、建議

1. 多參加體育鍛煉

In order to lose weight and stay healthy，teens should avoid spending too much time in front of the TV or the computer and do more exercise.

2. 多吃健康食品， 遠(yuǎn)離垃圾食品

As the saying goes，“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” They should also eat a more balanced diet such as fruits， vegetables， less fast food and junk food.

3. 制定合理的計(jì)劃、時(shí)間表

Last but not least，they should make a proper time schedule so that they can balance their exercise and studies.

四、合成文章

Recently，the phenomenon of teen obesity has made a lot of parents concerned. Why are teens getting fatter and fatter？

In my opinion，there are two remarkable reasons for this problem. Firstly，because of the popularity of TV and computers，and because students have so much homework to do，they are getting less exercise than before. Secondly，because people's quality of life has gotten better and better，families can afford to buy many foods，such as meat，chocolate and other sweet or oily snacks，which might make the kids overweight.

In order to lose weight and stay healthy，teens should avoid spending too much time in front of the TV or the computer and do more exercise. As the saying goes，“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”They should also eat a more balanced diet such as fruits，vegetables，less fast food and junk food.Last but not least，they should make a proper time schedule so that they can balance their exercise and studies.Only in this way can students have healthy bodies.