行星際太陽風暴的數值模擬研究報告

馮學尚+向長青+鐘鼎坤

摘 要：太陽風暴經過地球時，地球空間環境會產生整體劇烈的災害性變化。行星際空間是太陽風暴吹襲地球空間的必經傳輸通道，是了解日地系統空間天氣整體變化過程的重要紐帶。如何減輕或避免太陽風暴所造成的損失是人類高科技時代所面臨的重大前沿課題。基于物理的以強大計算能力為基礎的太陽風暴日冕行星際過程三維數值研究，不僅具有了解太陽風暴在行星際空間傳播的動力學過程的科學意義，還具有預測太陽風暴吹到地球的時間、強度和可能引起的地球空間天氣效應方面的現實意義。目前基于MHD方程數值研究行星際太陽風暴的工作已經從初期的定性原理性理論研究過渡到定量的具體事件系統性研究和數值預報試預報階段。現有基于物理的三維數值預報模型主要有：美國空間環境建模中心（CSEM）開發的空間天氣模型架構（SWMF）Block Adaptive Tree Solar-wind Roe-type Upwind Scheme， BATS-R-US）、美國集成空間天氣建模中心（CISM）開發的日冕和日球層模型（CORHEL）和我國空間天氣學國家重點實驗室SIGMA研究小組開發的太陽行星際守恒元解元模型（SIP-CESE）三維太陽風模型。該文將概述現有基于物理的主要三維數值預報模型的算法特點及其研究成果，評述行星際太陽風暴的數值模擬研究在今后工作中的努力方向。

關鍵詞：行星際太陽風暴 三維數值預報模型 空間天氣

Abstract：As solar storms are sweeping the Earth， adverse changes occur in geospace environment. Interplanetary space， as a linking medium of fully understanding space weather process in the Sun-Earth system， is the unique channel for solar storms to propagate from the Sun to Earth. How human can mitigate and avoid destructive damages caused by solar storms becomes an important frontier issue that we must face in the high-tech times. It is of both scientific significance to understand the dynamic process during solar storms propagation in interplanetary space and realistic value to conduct physics-based numerical researches on the three-dimensional process of solar storms in interplanetary space with the aid of powerful computing capacity to predict the arrival times， intensities， and probable geoeffectiveness of solar storms at the Earth. So far， numerical studies based on magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） have gone through the transition from the initial qualitative principle researches to systematic quantitative studies on concrete events and numerical predictions. The main physics-based three-dimensional numerical coronal and interplanetary models include Block Adaptive Tree Solar-wind Roe-type Upwind Scheme （ BATS-R-US）model in Space Weather Modeling Frame （SWMF） developed by the Center for Space Environment Modeling （CSEM）， the coronal and heliospheric （CORHEL） model by the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling （CISM） and Solar InterPlanetary-Conservative Element Solution Element （SIP-CESE） model by the solar interplanetary geomagnetic （SIGMA） group of State Key Laboratory of Space Weather， Center for Space Science and Applied Research， Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this paper， we review the main features of the difference schemes in the main three-dimensional numerical physics-based coronal and interplanetary models and their recent research results and outlook the important issues for future research.

Key Words：Interplanetary solar storms； Three-dimensional numerical prediction models； Space weather

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