人類概念認知的腦網絡基礎

畢彥超+龔高浪+舒妮+劉超

摘 要：概念是人類意識、思維、語言、智慧等其他高級認知過程的基礎，是認知系統的核心成分。我們旨在基于多年對語言概念的研究經驗，結合概念認知研究的前沿理念和現代腦網絡特性的最新分析方法，系統建構人類概念認知的腦網絡系統，擬解決以下3個關鍵問題：（1）正常人類概念加工的腦網絡機制；（2）概念腦網絡的習得機制；（3）概念腦網絡的損傷機制。針對以上關鍵科學問題，結合心理學、計算神經科學、神經疾病學等角度，采用認知行為測查、腦影像技術、腦損傷病灶解剖學定位等實驗技術，系統檢驗健康成人正常概念加工和概念學習、先天經驗缺失（盲人與聾人）群體、概念障礙病人的腦網絡數據與多個成分和類別概念加工認知能力對應關系。通過3個人群的相互驗證和提示，最終揭示人類概念認知腦網絡基礎的多方面動態特點。目前，已經完成概念認知能力評估方案和腦影像數據采集參數的確定；完成90例健康被試、15例先天視覺經驗剝奪群體及其對照組、112例腦損傷患者的概念認知數據和腦影像數據；初步獲得健康人功能腦影像數據中與概念加工能力密切相關的相關網絡指標，并對概念的運動知識、顏色知識等的神經機制加以了探討；研究了視覺經驗對不同范疇和不同成分概念表征的神經機制的影響；基于腦損傷病人數據，構建了概念障礙對應的主要白質連接，初步研究了概念的腦白質結構網絡。

關鍵詞：概念 概念認知 腦網絡 感知覺經驗

Abstract：Concepts are the basic elements of human thought， subserving a wide range of cognitive functions， such as language， object recognition and use， and is at the heart of cognitive neuroscience research. On the basis of past experience with language， concepts， and brain network analyses， we aimed at constructing the brain network basis of human conceptual system， specifically targetting three issues： （1）the brain networks of conceptual processing in healthy individuals； （2）the acquisition mechanisms of concepts； （3）the breakdowns of conceptual system due to brain damage. We teamed up cognitive， computational neuroscience， and clinical neurology experts， combining neuropsychological， neuroimaging， and lesion techniques， systematically studied these three issues with healthy individuals， populations with sensory deprivations （congentically blind and deaf） and patients with brain damage. The behavioral profiles on various modalities and categories of conceptual knowledge and the various modals of corresponding brain network patterns （structural， diffusion， and functional imaging） will be mapped. Currently we have completed the behaivoral and imaging data collection on 90 healthy individuals， 15 congenitally blind individuals and corresponding controls， 112 patients with brain damage. On the basis of these data， we have obtained priliminary results about the intrinsic functional neuroimaging networks that closely related with healthy conceptual processing， specifically examined the brain regions associated with shape， motion and color knowledge of cocnepts， and discovered the major white matter tracts crucial for conceptual processing.

Key Words：Concepts； Conceptual processing； Brain networks； Sensory experience

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